States Of Consciousness Essays - Sleep, Neuroscience, Nervous System

States Of Consciousness States Of Consciousness Numerous factors determine when and why you feel tired, full of energy, and hungry. A person's state of consciousness and awareness varies throughout the day and depends on a person's activity, environment, and time clock. As a human we have what is called circadian rhythms, which simply explains our daily highs and lows. An example of your basic up and down rhythm would be the sleep/wake cycle. Sunlight regulates the sleep/wake cycle by causing the suprachiasmatic nucleus to decrease its production of melatonin in the early morning and increase it in the evening. Melatonin is a hormone that if increased in blood levels makes an individual drowsy or tired and if decreased will make them more alert. Certain individuals will experience that their biological clock is often out of sync. This can be explained sometimes from either jet lag, working the night shifts or graveyards, and Monday-morning fog. Sleep in itself has its own biological patterns and rhythms. Hans Berger introduced the electroencephalograph to us so that we would be able to measure the patterns and rhythms of sleep through a record called an EEG. Two different patterns of sleep are REM sleep and NREM sleep. The NREM sleep actually has four stages involved in it. During the first stage a person becomes slightly drowsy because of the mixture of alpha and theta brain waves. At the second stage, an individual tends to have bursts of brain activity for a short time, which in terms are called sleep spindles. The second stage also involves theta brain waves and the beginning of delta waves. The third and fourth stages of NREM sleep are often referred to as slow-wave sleep. Both of these stages are measured by the amount of delta brain wave activity. During REM sleep, the sleeper is unconsciously active. His eyelids may flutter, he may have increased heart rate, and occasional muscle spasms. The two basic sleep theories are the evolutionary and restorative theories of sleep. The evolutionary theory of sleep suggests that our sleep patterns are based on or defined by evolution. The second theory simply offers that sleeping restores and rejuvenates the body through physiological processes. Sleeping disorders have a variety of effects on a person. Insomnia simply disallows an individual to actually fall into deep sleep and feel rested in the morning. Sleepwalking and night terrors are much more common in childhood then in the adult life and occur during the deepest stages of NREM sleep. When a person repeatedly stops breathing during his sleep it is called sleep apnea. This sleeping disorder usually tends to occur in older more heavy weight men. Another sleeping disorder is narcolepsy, which sends an individual in an instant phase of deep REM sleep regardless of where they are and whom they are with. Dreaming is yet another state of consciousness. A dream is simply an unfolding episode of mental images that involve characters and events. Dreams usually tend to occur during REM sleep but can occur during NREM sleep as well. We dream on a variety of topics, subjects, and individuals. No dream can be exactly interpreted or defined, therefore people have always been fascinated with what, why, and how we dream. An unpleasant and almost terrifying type of dream is a nightmare. This is a very vivid, almost real like state that produces quick anxiety and a sense of helplessness in the situation. Another type of dream would be the lucid dream in which the dreamer knows he is dreaming and can often guide the course of his dream. Hypnosis is a very controversial state of awareness because of its changes to an individual's perception, memory, and behavior. Not everyone can be hypnotized. The most susceptible people are those who approach it with a positive attitude. When subjects are deeply hypnotized they have said to experience detachment from their bodies or extreme relaxation which changes their subjective experience of consciousness. When a posthypnotic suggestion is made during hypnosis the subject will act on that for a short time after being hypnotized and sometimes up to a couple of days after the session. Ernest Hilgard suggested that while hypnotized a person experiences dissociation that splits consciousness

Compare and contrast the ways in which Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli present Scene 1 of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Compare and contrast the ways in which Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli present Scene 1 of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Example Compare and contrast the ways in which Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli present Scene 1 of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Compare and contrast the ways in which Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli present Scene 1 of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Essay Topic: To Build a Fire Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli portrayed the film Romeo and Juliet in very different ways. Most of the scenes in the film are portrayed in different ways although there are some similarities. There are some very obvious differences including the intended audience, the setting, the place and the timing of the play. There are some smaller differences as well such as the use of music, camera angles, lighting, the way different people are introduced and many more.I think that in Luhrmanns version of the film the intended audience is a much younger audience, from teenagers to people in their mid 20s. I believe this because his version has much more action in it and is more modern which is more appealing to the younger generations than to the older generations. The audience intended for Zeffirellis version, however, is most likely the older generation than the younger generations as it is quite slow moving and focuses only on the essentials of the story than to make the audience intere sted with the lack of action. The fact that the film was made in the 1960s makes it even more appealing to the older generations as it was made when they were young and so it is familiar as well as the fact that it is set in the times of when it was written.The settings in the two versions show the most difference and in Luhrmanns version it is more modern and so reflects life as we know it today. It includes modern cars, buildings, guns, drugs and many more things instead of swords or old houses, which show just how modern it is. In Zeffirellis version, however, it is set in the Shakespearean period, which can be seen by the way that they dress, the way the buildings are made and that they use swords and so already we can see a major difference between the two films. These two examples show how without even considering the storyline we can see differences which separate the two films and while there are still a couple of big differences left there are also a few smaller changes whi ch make a big difference.In the modern version by Luhrmann the way the prologue is introduced is very strangely appealing to the audience and draws them into the film. The film starts by showing a woman on television, on the news, explaining the story to us as it is written in the book. With the television slowly coming closer and closer towards us and finally stops before it merges with the television we are watching it on. This was then followed straight after by loud opera type music showing the city in flashes from high up with the action and the drama of helicopters flying around to get you interested. Each of the important characters in the film was then introduced to us by showing them with their name appearing next to them in bold.While all of this is going on a man with a deep voice repeats everything the woman on the TV screen had just said, as it gets to the end of what he is saying the flashing of the city of Verona and the writing gets faster with the music getting more and more dramatic until finally they both stop and it goes straight to the Montagues in a car with loud obnoxious music. While they are on screen it shows THE MONTAGUE BOYS next to them to introduce them to us and referring to them as the boys adds the badness to them as if they are in a gang. The way all of that is put together is very clever as it immediately gets the audience interested in the film and want to watch the rest of it. The way it all goes by so fast as well adds to the action which appeals to the younger generation.In the older version by Zeffirelli the way it is shown to us is very different to the one I just described. Zeffirelli prefers the softer approach to the film trying to draw you into it which almost immediately would make the younger generation bored but interesting for the older generations. Zeffirelli shows Verona from high up in the air in soft focus to add the touch of innocence to the place with very soft music playing and a man with a very calm voic e reading the introduction to us. When the man has finished it goes straight to the part where the Montagues see the Capulets and try to start trouble between them.He doesnt want to add any drama or action to the play and would rather get straight into the action of the play, which is good in some ways but not in others. Its good for people that want to know the story of Romeo and Juliet and are not so concerned with any of the drama and action or the way certain things are portrayed, however, it is also bad as it can lose the audiences interest in the film. There is a difference in music as well, which plays a major part in the introduction of the film. In Luhrmanns version the loud music makes the audience interested while also showing the kind of atmosphere that there is in Verona. Zeffirellis way of using soft music, however, shows the innocence of the setting and starts the film calmly without knowing what to expect unlike Luhrmanns version where you know you will expect drama. In the modern film the director has made the Montagues drive into a gas station with the camera on the floor and the car coming straight to it as if it is going to run it over but stops just before it can. It then shows the Montagues talking to each other but doing it in a very loud and menacing way and as Benvolio walks off screen the other two carry on causing trouble. Subsequently the Capulets arrive in their car with the design very much the same as the Montagues car but in a different colour. The car drives towards the camera again and stops just before it can run it over which is then followed straight after by a door opening.All we can see at first are the persons shoes and then when we see him dropping a cigar to the floor and stepping on it immediately shows the slickness of the person. As they are showing this mystery man cowboy music is played but then stops as the camera doesnt show the person but shows a nun and a schoolgirl going in the opposite direction with the came ra following them instead. The Montagues car is right next to a van but on the other side of the van is the Capulets so at the moment they cannot see each other. The Montagues then start harassing the nun and school girls with the camera showing the girls screaming and then driving off leaving the Capulets and Montagues right next to each other surprising them both.We can now see what the Capulets are wearing and we can see how slick they are and they get a certain respect for them straight away, which makes us feel scared of them. It is this introduction to the two families starting a fight that shows the problems already between them which will continue during the rest of the film. This is done very well with all the different types of music that are played and the way the camera moves quickly between showing each person and their reaction to the situation. The way that the camera zooms in on particular parts of people such as peoples faces and feet is also a good technique as it gets a certain effect about the person which the director is trying to achieve.In the older film the director goes straight to the Montagues who are causing trouble but not in as much detail as the other film. In this version the Montagues also see the Capulets, which is seen from their point of view from afar showing an interesting use of the camera angle, and actually go to them looking for a fight. The Montagues are much braver in this version compared to Luhrmanns version where they were cowards in the other film and the Capulets arent as sinister as in Luhrmanns due to the fact they are walking around with an old man which adds a gentleness to them. Zeffirelli doesnt really want music in this part of the film with just the use of background noise, which makes it easier for us to hear what is going on and what is being said in the film. It also allows us to pay more attention to their facial expressions rather than assume what they are like from the music being played. The camer a isnt used to its full potential in this part though as it just follows around whoever is talking at the timing and doesnt zoom in or out and is just normal.It is this part of the play where the fight scene takes place and I think Luhrmanns way of showing this is much better than Zeffirellis. Luhrmann starts off by showing the Montagues as cowards and then one of the Capulets showing his teeth which say sin on it as the camera at this point is zoomed in onto the teeth and this scares them straight away. The Capulets make the most of this chance to make fun of them and the Montagues do not like being made fun of so they purposely bite their thumb at the Capulets knowing it will end in a fight. The Capulets do not like this at all and drive their car closer to the Montagues then get out and start arguing with the Montagues.At this point while they are all arguing the camera zooms around all over the place from one Montague to another, then to a Capulet, then to their guns and then to their expressions. The Montagues see that Benvolio is coming out of the toilet and purposely end it knowing they would get shot at and then go hide. Benvolio sees this and draws his own gun out which is where we are now introduced to him by his name appearing on the screen. Straight after this happens we get introduced to Tybalt, the camera moves very slowly at this point showing him step on his cigar and emphasize the grinding of his heel on it, then the camera goes to his face and this is when his name appears.The camera switches to Benvolio holding the gun and it switches between the two characters as they speak. Between each time the camera switches it gets closer and closer to Benvolio and Tybalt until finally showing only their eyes and as all of this is going on cowboy music is being played again and it carries on throughout the shooting part. The two families are diving all over the place to get cover and while they are shooting the camera sometimes goes very slowly to dram atize what is happening or it speeds it up. We know that an explosion is going to happen at this point as it is in a gas station and they are shooting each other which seem very reckless. The Montagues drive away leaving Benvolio behind to run after them and meanwhile Tybalt dramatically takes off his coat and takes out an attachment to his gun and we see down the aim of his gun as he shoots one of the Montagues in the car from afar.The next thing we see is a lot of helicopters coming to the scene and the Prince who in this is a police officer shouts at them from a loudspeaker in the helicopter and tells them to drop their guns. There is a lot of noise at this point and they both manage to drop their guns at the same time and the camera slows this bit down and then stops straight away to when they are in the Princes office. He then explains to each of the two heads of the families the consequences if it happens again and this is the dramatic end to the fight.In the older version by Zeffirelli, however, it is much different because as the fight between the two families begins it is all because of a Montague tripping an old man that the Capulets were with and they start fighting with swords. This is then followed by a lot of people fighting instead of just a couple of people. There is still no music at this time and we can only hear the background noise and all of the shouting.They carry on fighting for a while with their swords and then we see Benvolio enter trying to stop the fight. The Montagues in this are being portrayed as cowardly in this as well, but when Tybalt enters he questions what Benvolio is doing which makes Benvolio scared to a certain point. We can tell how sinister Tybalt is straight away by the way he is talking, acting and the amount of respect he gets as soon as he enters the scene. As the fight begins again we see even more people join in at this time and it gets more and more serious as lots of people are dying.There is still no music but the camera angle is far back and high up to show the amount of people that are getting involved in this. As the prince enters fanfare music is played which immediately lets everyone know the prince is coming and they all stop fighting. The prince enters from afar allowing the audience to see the effect that he makes on the crowd of people fighting. He tells off the two families for what they are doing and has to shout so that everyone can hear and it is clear to see just how angry he is about the situation. At this point of the scene, the camera here is switching between the prince and the reactions of the families listening to him in order to increase the drama.Both Zeffirelli and Luhrmann make the introduction of Romeo in a similar way as they both start off by showing him from afar and with soft music playing showing his romantic and soft side. The only differences are the equipment used such as the presence of cars, beaches, bridges and a sunrise. Both versions show the gentlen ess of Romeo and how he is different compared to the Montagues that we see before with the use of soft focus when first seeing Romeo.In Luhrmanns version we see him on the beach before a sunrise and in Zeffirellis version we see him walking under a bridge and the soft music and the way the camera introduces him from afar creates a similar effect in both. The camera switches from far away to close up and so on until he reaches Benvolio and they then talk. The music has finally stopped at this point but soon starts again and gets louder as Romeo finds out about the fight increasing the drama. Interestingly, Romeos introduction is the only part in the first scene where both directors have shown something the same.In my opinion, I think that both films have been successful in their own way but overall from my point of view and perhaps as a younger audience, I preferred Luhrmanns version. Zeffirelli has made a good version of the play with the way it is directed but I feel he was focusin g more on telling the story of Romeo and Juliet rather than trying to get the audience interested into actually watching it and showing the range of emotions as to me it seemed quite dull and lifeless.Luhrmanns version attempted to make it exciting to the audience while still telling the story in a more interesting way. As I said earlier, Luhrmanns film is meant for the younger generations because of the action in it which would interest them, and Zeffirellis version is meant for the older generations because of the way he has just focused on the story itself without adding action. Overall, both are very good and are alike in some ways but very different in other ways, so the favourite would depend on your personal taste.

Censorship and Classification in Australia - Free Samples to Students

Australia ranks 19 th in the world censorship ranking (Rsf.org 2018). This reveals the fact that the Australian media tends to censor a lesser amount of media that is circulated within the country. The public media of the country is very strong and is majorly managed by the two main media groups, Fairfax Media and the News Corporation (Freedomhouse.org 2018). The Australian government tends to allow more freedom to the press. China ranks 176 th in the world censorship ranking and does not allow much freedom to the press media (Rsf.org 2018). The Chinese government tend to pose a huge number of threats to the freedom of the press media and tends to put a huge amount of restriction on the various news that might get published in the press media. The journalism in China tends to be regulated by the government on the basis of the various regulations that deal with the state secrets and thus tend to be harmful for the future of the country. China is one of those countries that implement very strict censorship rules (Theguardian.com 2018). The following essay deals with the comparative study of the media censorship in the countries of Australia and China with a major focus on the various arts, music and the magazines that are censored in the countries. Both the countries, Australia and China, tend to censor the pieces of art that might be referred to as holding the content that might go against the standards that are set by the rules of the country. The countries seem to censor the materials on the basis of the age of the residents who have been viewing the same. The concerned authorities tend to ban the exclusive and the dark materials that might be depicted in any art form. The censored materials in both the countries might include the forms of the art that might depict sexually explicit content as well as the content that might display extreme violence. The Chinese censorship laws tend to be stricter than the censorship laws that are practised in Australia. The Chinese government tends to implement the various censorship laws on the circulation of the art forms within the country. The Chinese government tends to put ban on any art form that might prove to be a threat to the national integrity of the country. The bans imposed by the Australian government are mainly observed in the instances wherein the content displays the use of violent and explicit content. In case of the Chinese government, however, the censorship is done on the basis of the threat posed and thus might include all types of the art forms that are imported from the various foreign lands all over the world. The countries Australia and China impose censorship on the various music albums and other musical productions in cases wherein the content of the music tends to be explicit for circulation among the residents of the country. The Australian censorship board like its Chinese counterpart exercises a ban on the music under the conditions wherein the content of the music might be in strict disagreement with the laws of the country and the sentiments of the residents (Musicinaustralia.org.au 2018). The musical pieces might be banned by the countries if they do not comply with the terms in the laws of the country or might prove to be demeaning for a certain section of the residents of the country. The Chinese censorship laws for the musical items in circulation among the residents of the country tend to be stricter than those that are implemented by their Australian counterparts. The Chinese government is known to have imposed a ban on the musical pieces that tend to portray a criticism of the concerned government. The Chinese government, unlike the Australian government, tends to put a censorship on the circulation of the musical compositions that point at the political affairs of the state. The Chinese government is also reported to have put a partial censorship on the musical album X by the Australian singer Kylie Minogue and to have permitted the release of the album un the country only after three songs were removed from the concerned album (Osnos 2018). There are found similarities among the censorships that are implemented by both the Australian and the Chinese governments in the matters pertaining to the censorship of the various internet sources. The countries enforce a ban on the various websites that display any kind of unwanted content or the content that is not suitable for viewing by the children. The censored websites might include those that might put forth gruesome, violent and explicit content. The Chinese Government unlike their Australian counterparts have deemed certain websites to be potentially dangerous for the members of the country. The various websites are Facebook, Wikipedia, Twitter, some of the services by Google and YouTube. The Chinese government tends to put either a permanent ban or a temporary one on these websites during the various critical conditions that might occur within the country (Cfr.org 2018). The Australian Government however does not instill huge controls over the social media handles that exist within the country. The citizens enjoy their freedom of expression over the various social media handles and even use the same to bring a certain occurrence to the limelight (Aph.gov.au 2018). In lieu of the above discussion, it might be stated that there are major dissimilarities between the censorship that is used by the concerned governmental bodies that have been operational in the countries. The censorship laws that are practiced by the governments of Australia and China tend to vary from each other in all the areas that are included in the media. The censorship in case of the media on the internet is a practice that is observed to be followed by all the countries in the world and is thus considered to be a usual occurrence in the countries of Australia and China, the two countries that have been considered in the above composition. It might be safely concluded that though both the countries exercise the media censorship laws, the laws that are implemented by China are stricter than those implemented by Australia. Aph.gov.au 2018.  Censorship and Classification in Australia – Parliament of Australia. [online] Aph.gov.au. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/censorshipebrief [Accessed 6 Mar. 2018]. Cfr.org 2018.  Media Censorship in China. [online] Council on Foreign Relations. Available at: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/media-censorship-china [Accessed 6 Mar. 2018]. Freedomhouse.org 2018.  Freedom of the Press 2017 | Freedom House. [online] Freedomhouse.org. Available at: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/freedom-press-2017 [Accessed 6 Mar. 2018]. Musicinaustralia.org.au 2018.  Freedom of Expression - Music in Australia - Knowledge Base. [online] Musicinaustralia.org.au. Available at: https://musicinaustralia.org.au/index.php/Freedom_of_Expression [Accessed 8 Mar. 2018]. Osnos, E. 2018.  Opinion | China’s Censored World. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/03/opinion/sunday/chinas-censored-world.html [Accessed 8 Mar. 2018]. Rsf.org 2018.  Australia : Surveillance threat | Reporters without borders. [online] RSF. Available at: https://rsf.org/en/australia [Accessed 6 Mar. 2018]. Rsf.org 2018.  China : World’s leading prison for citizen journalists | Reporters without borders. [online] RSF. Available at: https://rsf.org/en/china [Accessed 6 Mar. 2018]. Theguardian.com 2018.  The world's most censored countries. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/may/04/pressfreedom [Accessed 6 Mar. 2018].

Haemoglobin plays a role in the transport of oxygen and carbon Essay

Haemoglobin plays a role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Describe how this is accomplished at the molecular level. What happens to the relations - Essay Example rder to understand the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide at a molecular level, it is important to understand the structure of Hemoglobin (Figure). A heme group consists of an iron (Fe) ion (charged atom) held in a heterocyclic ring, known as a porphyrin. As seen from the figure the iron ion is the site of oxygen binding, bonds with the four nitrogens in the centre of the ring. The iron is also bound strongly to the globular protein. A sixth position can reversibly bind oxygen, completing the octahedral group of six ligands. Oxygen binds in an "end-on bent" geometry where one oxygen atom binds Fe and the other protrudes at an angle. When oxygen is not bound, a very weakly bonded water molecule fills the site, forming a distorted octahedron. Oxyhemoglobin is formed during respiration when oxygen binds to the heme component of the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells and occurs in the pulmonary capillaries near the alveoli of the lungs. The oxygen then travels through the blood stream to all the tissues and cells where it is utilized in aerobic glycolysis and in the production of ATP by the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Deoxyhemoglobin is the form of hemoglobin without the bound oxygen (Wikipedia, 2007). Bicarbonate ions react with the Hydrogen ions that are released from reduced hemoglobin and are in turn converted to water and carbon dioxide. For this reaction to occur an enzyme called Carbonic Anhydrase is required as a catalyst. The end product of the reaction is water and carbon dioxide which are then exhaled.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   HCO3-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   H+  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ----->   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   H2CO3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ----->  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CO2  (exhaled)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  +  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   H2O (exhaled) To put it in simple terms hemoglobin can bind oxygen and carbon dioxide. The amount of oxygen bound to

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Business plan - Essay Example Also, are women who get stressed, have little time to shop, and would generally like help in figuring the right clothes and styles to wear. Our competitive advantage is that Style Now provides an app for our customers. It is not only convenient for our potential customers but is also affordable. Compare to our top competitors, we are the only fashion truck that provides an app and merchandise prices that are in between our competitors. Our Style Now app is $5.00 and our merchandise ranges from $10.00 through $300.00. Also unlike the current fashion trucks parked on the street, Style Now trucks will sell merchandise that is uniquely tailored to meet the needs and wants of their customers. Style Now’s strategy sets the expectations for our customers by always having limited quantities in merchandise. Also, our demand in stock will always be new, since our merchandise will be updated with the latest trends. Style Now will be offered in your convenience since it’s the first to travel to customer’s desired destinations. Our shopping bags will resemble the truck’s atmosphere for memorability and gratification from their experience. Style Now has been designed and tailored to meet the needs of our target market since Style Now is customer service oriented; it provides customized selection of clothing and accessories that is convenient and accessible. Style Now’s pairing of customers with stylists is one example of the company’s excellent customer service. All Style Now trucks personal stylists are available to help customers select the perfect outfit that meets their needs. Retail/Customer experience: When customers have located our boutique, the Style Now shopping experience begins. A stylist will greet the customer and then they will both enter the truck. The truck’s merchandise will be customized to cater to our customers,

Judaism and Christianity Essay Example for Free

Judaism and Christianity Essay What beliefs and practices does Islam share with Judaism and Christianity? Specify what is distinctive about the Islamic form of those beliefs and practices. The relationships between Islam, Judaism and Christianity in the later parts of the 20th century appear to have improved as well as worsened from different perspectives as compared to any other period in history. A noteworthy aspect of the current relationships is that Muslims are now engaged in dialogues with Christians and Jews. Islam is now the fastest growing religion in the world and Muslim leaders and clerics can be observed functioning together with ministers, priests and rabbis in several religious endeavors. However, the three religions continue to have major differences and are engaged in nationalist and territorial conflicts that have gradually been characterized with religious or sectarian differences. This paper makes an analysis of the beliefs and practices that Islam shares with Christianity and Judaism because the misunderstandings between the three religions can be resolved only in recognizing that they have the same roots and share several social and religious practices. Islam is a monotheistic religion and is the second biggest in the world after Christianity. The religion has its origin in the Middle East and has several customs and beliefs that are the same as Christianity and Judaism. These three religions are commonly referred to as the Abrahamic religions; they believe in one God and trace their lineage from the Prophet Ibrahim, as evident in the Hebrew. Islam, Christianity and Judaism believe there is only one God who is the creator of all things that exist in the world and He is the one who takes care of every living being. The three religions provide that God believes in justice and He has established fundamental rules in guiding people about how they can become virtuous and honorable in complying with His intentions. The three religions hold that God believes in mercy and that with His grace people get the power to become more like what is desired of them to become (Wells, 2011). Islam, along with Christianity and Judaism, holds that all human beings are Ibrahim’s children and are the most capable living beings on Earth. Human beings were created with an element of mystery in being given immense potential to grow constantly, individually as well as a species. When people strive towards achieving good, righteous and loving qualities they transform into what God desired them to become. If such freedom is misused and others are harmed with one’s actions, it implies that such people are transgressing God’s will, which makes them evil. The three religions believe that it is possible for every individual to seek God’s help in achieving the capability to ward off evil influences. Eventually, the message in all three religions is to be devoted and obedient to God (Los Angeles Chinese Learning Center, 2012). In being monotheistic, the three religions are different from Buddhism and Hinduism. They share common beliefs about history being the arena of God’s activities and His encounters with human beings, Satan, angels, heavenly revelation and prophets. All three religions focus on t he importance of Judgment Day, accountability, responsibility and perpetual rewards and punishments. The three religions give immense importance to peace, which is evident from historical patterns of greeting one another, implying Peace Be Upon You, beginning with Assalamalaikim in Islam, with pax vobisum in Christianity and salom aleicham in Judaism. However, such greetings of peace have primarily pertained to greeting one another in a given community or society. All three religions believe that it is essential to engage in holy wars to espouse the cause of empires and to protect societies. The relationships between religion and politics is apparent in the present times also although in different ways, such as the circumstances that prevail in present day Israel, Palestine, Middle East and other parts of the world. All the three religions share the same ancestry and believe in scriptures that were delivered through heaven. They have similar religious practices and rites relative to charity and regular prayers, value of pilgrimage and common holy places. The three religions give the promise that appropriate behaviors will be rewarded and inappropriate behaviors will be punished in life as well as in the afterlife. They balance and integrate many elements of piety, devotion, legalism and mysticism and appear to be suitable in co-existing mutually in reinforcing one another (Peters, 1990). Islam has similarity with Judaism in regard to the focus on practice instead of beliefs. The main basis of religious obedience in Islam and Judaism is religious law, while in Christianity the focus is on theology. Across history, the main differences between Islam and Judaism have pertained to disagreement of religious practices and religious law. The disputes between Islam and Christianity have pertained primarily to the divide amongst communities about theological belief systems, relative to the relationships between divine and human characteristics. Christianity and Judaism are given special consideration in Islam in view of the Islamic beliefs that God had conveyed His will through His Prophets, namely Ibrahim, Moses and Jesus. In this regard, the Quran specifically states that God revealed his will throug h Ibrahim, Ismail and their progeny, as well as through Moses and Jesus. There is no difference amongst them and in what they say, which is why Muslims adhere to what was said by these Prophets (Newby, 1996). Islam and the Quran hold that Christians and Jews are Ibrahim’s children and relate to them as people of the book (Esposito, 2011). This is because the three religions originate from the same lineage of Ibrahim. Muslims trace their lineage from Ibrahim and his servant Hagar, while Christians and Jews trace their lineage from Ibrahim and his spouse Sarah. Muslims hold that God’s revelation in the form of the Torah was first delivered to the Jews by Prophet Moses and later to Christians by the Prophet Jesus. Muslims are in agreement about some biblical prophets such as Jesus and Moses and use their names as Isa and Musa respectively (Hipps et al, 2003). They also use the Virgin Mary’s name as Mariam and it is evident that her name appears more frequently in the Quran than in the New Testament. Muslims do not refute the status of Virgin Mary and Jesus’ virgin birth but they hold that in due course, over the centuries, the original revelation as made to Jesus and Moses became despoiled. Muslims view the Old Testament as a mix of human manufacture and of God’s messages. They hold the same views about the New Testament and believe that doctrines referring to Jesus as the Son of God are erroneous without any truth. They do not believe that the death of Jesus represented the redemption and atonement for mankind’s sins. It is apparent that Islam, Christianity and Judaism have some common roots and share several common practices. This is because they are all having the same Abrahamic heritage. Islam, Christianity and Judaism are monotheistic religions as they believe in a single God in focusing on the unity and oneness of God. The confirmation of one God in Christianity has been often debated because of its adherence to the Holy Trinity but this cannot be considered as a refutation of monotheism. It is only an acknowledgement of the ways in which God is viewed because in Christianity the Divine Being is God. Islam, Christianity and Judaism hold that God is the source and foundation of all that exists in the world and takes care of all His creations in ensuring their wellbeing. All the three religions confirm that people are governed and guided by basic rules that make them take the right path and become righteous in complying with God’s will. References 1. Esposito, John L. (2011). What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam, Oxford University Press. 2. Hipps, Amelia., Kayanaugh, Dorothy., and Khaled Abou El Fadl. (2003). Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Mason Crest Publishers. |Los Angeles Chinese Learning Center. (2012). Judaism, Christianity and Islam: Similarities, | |http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/Judaism-Christianity-Islam.html, Accessed on 16 October, 2012. | |Newby, Gordon. (1996). Muslim, Jews and Christians Relations and Interactions,The Muslim Almanac, Gale Research Inc, Detroit, p.423-429. | |Peters, F. E. (1990). Judaism, Christianity, and Islam,Volume 1: From Covenant to Community, Princeton University Press | |Wells, Mark. (2011). Comparison of Islam, Judaism and Christianity, http://smileyandwest.ning.com, Accessed on 16 October, 2012 | | |

Earning a Patch for Weightloss :: Dieting Health Essays

Earning a Patch for Weightloss While surfing the net in search of weight loss aids, one may soon come to the dermalife homepage. Here, along with various products for acne, bust firmness, and fat burning, the web site introduces the "NEW Derma Lifepatch" for losing weight. The active ingredient in this patch is taken from a brown alga called fucus vesiculosus or bladder wrack. The main ingredient used from fucus vesiculosus is iodine which stimulates the thyroid gland to speed up metabolism. In this essay, I would like to examine the value of this substance in terms of weight loss as well as possible health risks that may be associated with it. Much of the information contained herein is taken form studies on fucus vesiculosus and the thyroid gland and not on the Derma Patch specifically. A Little Background on Metabolism: "Human energy expenditure can be understood by a division into three components: basal or resting metabolic rate (RMR), the thermic effect of food (TEF), and the thermic effect of activity (TEA). The stoichiometric relationships between oxygen consumption and the heat release that occurs with biologic substrate oxidations are similar to those seen in chemical combustion. As a result, the rate of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation can be determined by measuring heat losses (direct calorimetry) or by measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production." RMR defines that energy which is needed for the basic maintenance of the body. The TEF is defined as the elevation of metabolic rate occurring after food ingestion. It includes the cost of the absorption, metabolism, and storage of the food within the body. The TEA is the energy expended with activity and exercise. When most people speak of raising their metabolism (as in trying to lose weight) and throughout the r emainder of this essay, we are mostly speaking of increasing the activity of TEA (Pi-Sunyer, 1). Thyroid Manipulation and Weight Loss: The thyroid gland plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism (Thyroid Fed. Int'l, 1998). The body's metabolic rate is directly linked to the amount of activity of the thyroid. If the thyroid gland hormone is enhanced by medication, the obvious result is that metabolism is increased. Thus, the body is able to burn more calories quicker and less are deposited as fat.

Action Plan for New Nivea in a New Market Segment

The improving economic conditions in various parts of the world provide individual companies with market opportunities that need to be exploited completely. Some Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FCMG) manufacturers have already made this move whereas others are still concentrating on traditional highly developed economies. This paper illustrates how Nivea, the skin care manufacturer, can exploit market opportunities offered by the fast developing nations. The paper will specifically extrapolate on how Nivea can develop a wholly new skin care product that would be marketed to specific market segments in the aforementioned nations. The first section highlights on external audit of the new market and product situation, whereas the second part provides internal audit. An action plan for two months before product launching and 12 months after the launch is illustrated throughout the paper. Part I: External Audit The fast developing nations, especially in Asia, provides FCMG manufacturers with grand opportunity to expand global sales. The past three decades have indeed seen disposable incomes in formerly poor countries s increase tremendously. China and India are the best example of countries whose inhabitants have experienced ever-increasing incomes. Higher incomes mean that Indians and Chinese are able to afford products that seemed to be luxury before. Skin care products fall in such category, meaning that Nivea has a ripe market its product portfolio. The younger generation in both countries is especially the ones that Nivea needs to target. The growing taste of luxurious skin care products demands that Nivea embark on supplying products to this lucrative market segment. In addition, the company has to consider developing new products that are specifically designed for this generation; just supplying products from traditional markets might not make significant impact. This market segment need products they can easily associate with, not just imports. Developing a product specifically for the Asian market would therefore get better reception before competitors think of making a similar move. Customers in this market segment would take a pride in using product specifically developed for their uses, as the company reaps benefits through improved sales and market dominance. Nivea is not the only skin care product manufacturer eying the lucrative Asian market, as other global companies are making onslaught in the region (Haig 2006). A greater number of competitors are also supplying imported products to this market segment, meaning that Nivea would be making the initial move of developing and marketing products for this new market. Nivea competitors in these markets can be classified into three groups. First is the group consisting of local manufacturers that have been in the business for many years. The availability of modern technology has enabled these local players to perfect respective products to international. The perfection of respective products mean that indigenous companies are able of competing effectively and defend their market position. The second group includes international players with experience in other markets. This group is most competitive and indeed the one that Nivea should not ignore. The improving economic situation in the region will continue attracting more competition from existing firms. The third group includes companies willing to enter into the Asian lucrative skin care market. Nivea management should further consider that local and international companies could get into joint ventures that could be hard to out-compete. The company should therefore consider a similar approach. A joint marketing venture with local companies should especially be considered in the two months before the launch. This is in understanding that professionals working on local companies have better understanding on consumers and their needs (Riezebos, Kist & Kootsra 2003). PESTLE Analysis Pestle Analysis is hereby used to illustrate externalities that Nivea will have to handle in the process of introducing new product in the market segment. These are the issues that the company has little control; they factors are discussed below in detail: Political This factor refers to issues that may affect company operations and thus entry of the new products into the new market segment. National or regional politics have recently determined trade issues in various parts of the world, including Asia. Senior management should therefore consider being informed on political policies that may affect future business. China and India have been on the forefront on the process of creating friendly political processes for companies to establish operations (Pelsmacker 2006). Nivea is thus poised to benefit from friendly trade regime from the two countries. The company can even take advantage of improving investment opportunities in the region to produce therein and consequently supply to other countries in the region as well as worldwide. The company will thus be creating a strong foundation for competitiveness against local and international industry players. Economic: This is among the driving factors leading to Nivea’s entry into the Indian and Chinese young adult market segment. Indeed, as described earlier, this segment has been experiencing expanding disposable incomes that can be used to become Nivea customers. Just like in other countries, the expanding middle class in China and India are having influence over rest of society that would like to copy behavior (Kapferer 2004). Endearing Nivea products to the middle class would eventually see rest of population in the two countries becoming consumers. The region holds good fortunes considering that economic progress being experienced currently is poised to continue in coming decades. It is for this reason that Nivea should seize the opportunity of embarking on supplying new products in the Asian sub-market. Social: This factor regards social sensitiveness that the company has to consider, especially before entering the market segments. This should especially be considered in the two months prior to supplying company products in the region. The social issues should further be considered when preparing for advertisements that must not be offending in any way. In addition, the target market should be able to connect with the product socially, which could include packaging and presentation. Having products connecting with people socially, or which tend to promote local culture would go a long way in endearing the new Nivea to target market. Any clash with the local culture and customs could result to the company being out competed by other industrial players. Technological: The technological factor refers to production and production processes used to manufacture products and subsequently supply to consumers. Nivea management should in the two months before rolling out the products ensure putting the technology in place. In addition, Nivea’s senior management should embark on being on the forefront of using modern technologies that would improve productivity. Embarking on taking this route would provide the company with long run high productivity, meaning that only high quality products would be generated from Nivea. Relying on technology for continued quality improvement would result to more endearment with consumers in the region. Management should thus embark on improving technology in order to keep improving. Environmental: The environmental factor is hereby taken to mean issues affecting the industry as a whole. This especially includes the size of competition and the future of the industry. The number of competitors is a key determinant of competitiveness. Few players does not necessarily mean low competition as more companies can enter the industry in later time periods. Industrial effect on environment is also addressed in this factor. Participants have to thus ensure reducing and totally eliminating the effect of operations on the environment, such pollution. Governments in various parts of the world have heavy fines and punishments to companies and individuals whose operations affect environment negatively. Companies have on the other hand embarked on reducing effects on environment as part of their corporate social responsibility (Bruhn 2002), which is something that Nivea should take seriously in China and India. Legislative: This factor applies to government policies that could affect operations relating to production and supply of skin care products in respective jurisdictions. This is a factor that Nivea cannot in any way control. The company should be well prepared to deal with new legislations that could come before and after launching new products in the market. In addition, the responsible managers should embark on developing ways and means of coping with operational changes that could come with new legislations. Overcoming legislative challenges should form the key foundation for success in the market segments, considering positive relationship between the company regulatory authorities and consumers. Part II: Internal Audit This second part highlights internal factors that Nivea can use to create strong foundation for success in the new market segments and its new product line. The company has been in the business of manufacturing and supplying skin care products since 1911 (Nivea 2008). The company has since expanded operations to many parts of the world, but has in most cases supplied products manufactured for older market. Indeed, the current undertaking would be among few occasions that Nivea has embarked on developing new products for new markets. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) Analysis below illustrates how the company needs to apply before, during and after launching. Strengths: Nivea’s track record of manufacturing is among the strengths that will make market penetration in the new segment possible. Company products thus command a huge following in historical markets, which could be replicated in the new markets. The strength of going at greater lengths to meet consumer demands is best being applied in the Asian market through new products. This start by designing products that easily meet consumer skin care needs adequately. The second step is the organizational culture of getting customer feedback on all products, whether new or old in respective markets (Flapper 2005; Pecotich 2006). This allows consumers to express their concerns or satisfactions with the products. The target market in India and China would thus get opportunities to inform Nivea representatives on how the new products could be improved. The company can thus embark on improving the products in line with consumer demands and tastes. The long-term result is continued improvement of company products’ competitiveness in the lucrative Asian market. Weaknesses: The entry into wholly new market segment with brand new products serves as the greatest weakness, considering that the company has certainly never had such undertaking in the region. There are few learning opportunities for the involved officials to get lessons. However, notes Keller (2006) Nivea has a history of turning weaknesses into business opportunities that have been exploited to the maximum—this should also happen with introduction on new products in the Asian sub-market, especially in the beginning stages. Opportunities: The improving economic conditions in the fast developing Asian countries provide ripe market for Nivea skincare products. Ever increasing segment of the populations having more funds to spend on company products. Nivea should thus position itself in tapping into this lucrative market. In addition, the company should take advantage of the improving business environment in the region. China and India are increasingly becoming competitive in the international arena, which has resulted to many companies setting operations there. Companies that have taken advantage of reduced operational costs. Nivea, too, should embark on setting foot in the two countries, and subsequently produce for local market and export to other countries. Threats: Competition from local and international firms brings out major threats for Nivea entry into the new company. Local companies have for many years been able to perfect respective products to international standards (Hymes 2007). This has made them formidable competitors in skin care industry. New entrants therefore understand they are up against tough players. Naivea management further needs to consider that international skin care industry participants are also eying the same Asian market, which compounds competitive challenges. Bust as illustrated earlier, Nivea has had a history of outdoing competition on many fronts. Repeating this feat in China and India is thus more likely to happen.

A Passage to India

E. M. Forster's novel, A Passage to India, is a look into the lives of both the colonizer and the colonized. While the plight of the colonized is tragic, filled with degrading images of subjugated civilizations and noble people reduced to mere laborers, it is the colonizer, the British of India, and their rapid change from newly arrived colonist to rigid and unforgiving ruler that draws my interest. The characters constantly comment on these changes that occur to the British once they adjust to the imperialist lifestyle.In the second chapter of the novel Hamidullah, a Muslim character, remarks to his friends, â€Å"Yes, they have no choice here, that is my point. They come out intending to be gentlemen and are told it will not do. . . . I give any Englishman two years. . . . And I give any Englishwoman six months† (Forster 7). Miss Quested constantly worries about becoming this caricature of her former self and also recognizes the changes in her husband-to-be, Ronny, as he fit s into the British ruling class lifestyle.Fielding looks at the uncaring people his compatriots have become and marvels as he befriends an Indian Muslim. Is it possible that colonialism has an effect on the colonizer as well as the colonized? Forster clearly demonstrates that colonialism is not only a tragedy for the colonized, but effects a change on the colonizer as well. But how and why does this change occur? Aime Cesaire proposed that it is simply the savage nature of colonization that changes man into their most primal state (20). This does not work because there is no blatant savagery as in Heart of Darkness.Forster doesn't seem to be parading the cruelty of the colonizer. Thomas Gladwin and Ahmad Saidin suggest that the change is simply the myth of the white man as the British citizens assert their crowns of supposed natural, higher intelligence and worth (47). This does seem to be a good argument because of the superiority that the British colonists take upon themselves in the novel, sequestering themselves in the British club that no mere Indian can be a part of. However, it doesn't account for the more inquisitive and benevolent natures of Adela and Mr.Fielding and their acts and opinions toward the Indian people. In his essay â€Å"Shooting and Elephant,† George Orwell states that: When the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the ‘natives,' and so in every crisis he has got to do what the ‘natives' expect of him. He wears a mask and his face grows to fit. (152)Orwell suggests that the change is merely the taking on of a role and that the colonizer is an actor required to play the part of the British ruler. It is expected by the native people, and also by their fellow colonists. This expectation is shown through the comment of Hamidallah and his insistence of the inevitable change. It is expected. It is the acceptance of this role is the change that affects the characters in A Passage to India, and if this is the accepted norm, then it goes to reason that those who do not accept it will find themselves outcasts of the society they reject.This is what I intend to show by comparing the plights of Forster's characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding, as I explore their differing approaches to this role and the effects that come of either accepting or rejecting it . The first groups of colonizers are those who accept the act of leadership whole-heartedly. They separate themselves from the population, declaring their own superiority over the masses as they build their walled compounds content to be out of sight and sound of any Indians, with the exception of their servants (of course) (Kurinan 44).They seek to make Britain in India, rather than accepting and glorifying the resident cultures. They remain strangers to it, pract ically living in a separate country they provided for themselves, yet ruling one that they remained aloof from (Eldridge 170). This is the Englishman or woman who feels that without British rule everything will fall to ruin and chaos, anarchy being the ruling class in their stead (Kurinan 33). This is also the class that Albert Memmi, author of The Colonizer and the Colonized (and a former colonized citizen himself), calls the â€Å"colonizer who accepts† (45).It is the colonizer who accepts his or her given role as ruler and god over the colonized people. Memmi supports Orwell's idea of the role they play by stating that â€Å"the colonizer must assume the opaque rigidity and imperviousness of stone. In short, he must dehumanize himself as well (xxvii). † Those who accept the role of the British administrator lose a part of themselves in the process, becoming an actor instead of a man, doing what is expected, not what is right. Forster picks up on this idea as well. R onny Healsop is the character that exemplifies the ruling class of the nineteenth century British colonizers.He fulfills the characteristics of the administrative class. He adopts the aloof and chilly manner that was characteristic, caring only about his superiority over the Indians and his evenings at the club with his own kind (Kurinan 43). He shows his callousness and robotic adherence to his role as magistrate in India in an argument with his mother. ‘We're out here to do justice and keep the peace. Theme's my sentiments. India isn't a drawing room. ‘ ‘You're sentiments are those of a god,' she said quietly, but it was his manner rather than his sentiments that annoyed her. Trying to recover his temper, he said, ‘India likes gods. ‘And Englishmen like posing as gods. ‘ ‘There's no point in all this. Here we are, and we're going to stop, and the country's got to put up with us, gods or no gods. . . .I am out here to work, mind, to hold th is wretched country by force. I'm not a missionary or a Labor Member or a vague sentimental sympathetic literary man. I'm just a servant of the Government. . . .We're not pleasant in India, and we don't intend to be pleasant. We've something more important to do' (51-52). Ronny dehumanizes himself with his constant ravings about having more important things to do in India than being pleasant to the â€Å"natives. He puts himself up as a god, only there for justice and to hold the country together by force. He sheds any ideas of sentiment and in doing so shows how such ideas are looked upon with derision by the ruling class of the colony. Adela, Ronny's intended fiancee, recognizes this loss of humanity in him from his arguments. She thinks about his manner and it upsets her that â€Å"he did rub it in that he was not in India to behave pleasantly, and derived positive satisfaction there from! . . . The traces of young-man humanitarianism sloughed† (52).What she doesn't reali ze is that Ronny is merely accepting his role as Orwell's â€Å"conventionalized figure of a sahib† and Memmi's typical colonizer: harsh and cold with no time or inclination toward sentiment. Adela Quested is troubled by this conventionalized role. She comes to India to see its wonders and to connect with its people. Her first moments of seeing Ronny are telling because they show her reluctance to take upon herself the role of the British administrative archetype. She marvels at how he has changed and how unsympathetic he is to those he rules over.This idea is something that haunts her as she continually struggles with the role she must take on if she marries Ronny and remains in India. She has a hard time reconciling the notion of the India she sees with that she must be apart of. â€Å"In front, like a shutter, fell a vision of her married life. She and Ronny would look into the club like this every evening, then drive home to dress; they would see the Lesleys and the Call enders and the Turtons and the Burtons, and invite them and be invited by them while the true India slid by unnoticed† (48).Adela does not wish to be a part of the society that Ronny is so fond of. She even goes so far as to ask an Indian about how she can avoid becoming as the other women, something that no other British woman would do. As she rejects her role as actress in the British imperial play, Adela becomes Memmi's â€Å"colonizer who refuses† (19), becoming contemptible in the sight of the English society of India. Those who did not accept this role were viewed as the enemy in the imperial point of view. Memmi points out that those who enter the colonies must accept or go home. There is no middle ground.Those who show signs of humanitarian romanticism are viewed as the worst of all dangers and are on the side of the enemy (20). Adela's thoughts are always viewed as naive and idealistic, but everyone has faith that she will fit in in time. The British laugh at h er notions of wanting to see the real India that they try to shut out every day, but they figure that she will fall in line in the end. But what happens if she doesn't? Adela's refusal to pursue charges against Aziz when she realizes her folly in accusing him of attempted molestation leaves her ostracized.She rejects the role of imperialist colonizer and must live with the consequences. Those who were once her greatest supporters, fawning over her illness and pretending to be so caring and concerned, now become her most vehement enemies. Memmi observed that those colonizers who felt their ideas were betrayed became vicious (21). As Adela found out after her acquitting remarks on Aziza's behalf, her friends turned against her, her superiors denounced her, and even Ronny left her. Adela realizes that if she doesn't choose to wear the mask of imperialism that â€Å"one belongs nowhere and becomes a public nuisance without realizing it. . .I speak of India. I am not astray in † ( 291). One key element of her statement is that she is only a nuisance in India. Memmi asserts that those who are good cannot stay in the colony (21). The best of people must leave because they cannot accept the consequences of their remaining as a colonist. This idea also shows that these changes in character are only exhibited in India. The English in England share differing opinions and ideas. They are not caught in the play as the colonists are and so it shows that a definite change exists between leaving England and acclimatizing to India.Therefore, Adela, although cast out from the imperial administrative class of , may remain unchanged and return to . The last character is that of Fielding. Fielding takes on the role of the colonizer who refuses, but he takes a different path than Adela. Instead of leaving he turns to the colonized for support. Fielding always connects with the Indians. He has no qualms about speaking to them or visiting them in their homes, even visiting Aziz when he falls ill. He doesn't frequent â€Å"the club,† because he doesn't share all of the same opinions that the ruling English colonizers do.Fielding also realizes the truth that the real India lays not in the British imperial scope, but in the Indians themselves. When Adela is expressing her desires to see the real India, Ronny asks Fielding how one sees the â€Å"real India. † Fielding's answer is â€Å"Try seeing Indians† (25). This question results in many of the people at the club talking about how they see too many Indians and too often. This comment about seeing the real India through its people, however, shows a definite sympathy with a conquered people, more than any of the other British people were willing to show at any point.Fielding takes his rejection of the imperialist nature so far as to support and defend the natives against his own people. When Aziz is accused of assault on Adela, Fielding is the first to come to his aid, forsaking his own people. He even defiles the sanctity of the club, choosing it to be his battle ground and denouncing his own people and the play that they have chosen to act in. He makes a very bold statement to the amazement of his fellow British subjects. He declares, â€Å"I believe Dr. Aziz to be innocent. . . . If he is guilty I resign from my service, and leave India. I resign from the club now† (210).He completely rejects his people in their chosen sanctuary, defiling their temple of Britishness and becoming their number one enemy. He is immediately denounced as he rejects this role of imperial aristocrat for benevolent humanitarian. He refuses the mask and doesn't just walk away from it, as Adela must eventually do, but he stomps on it. He in no way forsakes his British heritage, but he realizes that friendship is possible with the Indians, and he is willing to fight for his cause. He becomes the moral hero to the Indians, a quality that Memmi says is important to his acceptance into their confidence.But, Memmi also states that Fielding cannot completely join them because above all he is still British and therefore holds the same ideas and prejudices that he grew up with (45). That is unavoidable because, after all, Fielding is still a British citizen, something that can't be erased. In the end Fielding does turn back to his own people, marrying an English girl, but I think it is significant that he returns to England to find this girl, who is connected with Miss Quested and Mrs. Moore, the two idealistic characters in the novel. Fielding becomes more of a part of the imperial ociety with his marriage ties, but he remains free of the change that occurs in the colonies by making his match away from India. He stays free of the role of imperial actor and continues on with his notions of friendship and peace with the Indian people. I assert that Forster presented Fielding as an example of how to resist the imperial Indian machine and yet still maintain his British culture. Fielding is the most sympathetic, not wavering on his regard for the people, only realizing the differences that may lie between their personalities and cultures.When he becomes the â€Å"colonizer that refuses,† Fielding shows that resistance of the changes that come upon the colonizer is possible and that the role of imperial actor may be refused. Imperialism was a British institution for a long time. It brought British people in contact with many cultures and peoples. It also helped them to affect a great amount of change on indigenous ways of life. The images and accounts of the brutality and callousness of the Imperial administrators are legendary and will always be the most examined part of its long stretch until its fall in the twentieth century.These effects on the native cultures are important, as are the accounts of their plights, however now we can see that Imperialism and colonization didn't only affect the colonized, but that it had an effect on the colo nizer as well. Aime Cesaire stated that â€Å"colonial activity, colonial enterprise, colonial conquest, which is based on contempt for the nature and justified by that contempt, inevitable tends to change him who undertakes it† (20). Living the life of imperialism has its stamp. It can't help but have it.As George Orwell insinuated, it is a play, and the imperial citizens and administrators were actors, trying to play their parts as demi-gods with great confidence and authority (Kuinan 55). When any person did not live up to the art of performance, they either returned to England or joined in the plight of the native, being ostracized from their â€Å"people. † Forster presents a picture of this Imperial England. A Passage to India provides a perfect stage in which to watch the action play out among those who accept their role and those who rebel, whether knowingly or not.His portrayal of the characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding show the three different types of colo nizers that Memmi observed in his own life as a suppressed â€Å"native. † Each character portrays a different situation and mind set, demonstrating the different alternatives in the colonial/imperial life. Through these characters we truly see the effects that imperialism had on not only the colonized, but also the colonizer, showing that no one is immune . A Passage to India E. M. Forster's novel, A Passage to India, is a look into the lives of both the colonizer and the colonized. While the plight of the colonized is tragic, filled with degrading images of subjugated civilizations and noble people reduced to mere laborers, it is the colonizer, the British of India, and their rapid change from newly arrived colonist to rigid and unforgiving ruler that draws my interest. The characters constantly comment on these changes that occur to the British once they adjust to the imperialist lifestyle.In the second chapter of the novel Hamidullah, a Muslim character, remarks to his friends, â€Å"Yes, they have no choice here, that is my point. They come out intending to be gentlemen and are told it will not do. . . . I give any Englishman two years. . . . And I give any Englishwoman six months† (Forster 7). Miss Quested constantly worries about becoming this caricature of her former self and also recognizes the changes in her husband-to-be, Ronny, as he fit s into the British ruling class lifestyle.Fielding looks at the uncaring people his compatriots have become and marvels as he befriends an Indian Muslim. Is it possible that colonialism has an effect on the colonizer as well as the colonized? Forster clearly demonstrates that colonialism is not only a tragedy for the colonized, but effects a change on the colonizer as well. But how and why does this change occur? Aime Cesaire proposed that it is simply the savage nature of colonization that changes man into their most primal state (20). This does not work because there is no blatant savagery as in Heart of Darkness.Forster doesn't seem to be parading the cruelty of the colonizer. Thomas Gladwin and Ahmad Saidin suggest that the change is simply the myth of the white man as the British citizens assert their crowns of supposed natural, higher intelligence and worth (47). This does seem to be a good argument because of the superiority that the British colonists take upon themselves in the novel, sequestering themselves in the British club that no mere Indian can be a part of. However, it doesn't account for the more inquisitive and benevolent natures of Adela and Mr.Fielding and their acts and opinions toward the Indian people. In his essay â€Å"Shooting and Elephant,† George Orwell states that: When the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the ‘natives,' and so in every crisis he has got to do what the ‘natives' expect of him. He wears a mask and his face grows to fit. (152)Orwell suggests that the change is merely the taking on of a role and that the colonizer is an actor required to play the part of the British ruler. It is expected by the native people, and also by their fellow colonists. This expectation is shown through the comment of Hamidallah and his insistence of the inevitable change. It is expected. It is the acceptance of this role is the change that affects the characters in A Passage to India, and if this is the accepted norm, then it goes to reason that those who do not accept it will find themselves outcasts of the society they reject.This is what I intend to show by comparing the plights of Forster's characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding, as I explore their differing approaches to this role and the effects that come of either accepting or rejecting it . The first groups of colonizers are those who accept the act of leadership whole-heartedly. They separate themselves from the population, declaring their own superiority over the masses as they build their walled compounds content to be out of sight and sound of any Indians, with the exception of their servants (of course) (Kurinan 44).They seek to make Britain in India, rather than accepting and glorifying the resident cultures. They remain strangers to it, pract ically living in a separate country they provided for themselves, yet ruling one that they remained aloof from (Eldridge 170). This is the Englishman or woman who feels that without British rule everything will fall to ruin and chaos, anarchy being the ruling class in their stead (Kurinan 33). This is also the class that Albert Memmi, author of The Colonizer and the Colonized (and a former colonized citizen himself), calls the â€Å"colonizer who accepts† (45).It is the colonizer who accepts his or her given role as ruler and god over the colonized people. Memmi supports Orwell's idea of the role they play by stating that â€Å"the colonizer must assume the opaque rigidity and imperviousness of stone. In short, he must dehumanize himself as well (xxvii). † Those who accept the role of the British administrator lose a part of themselves in the process, becoming an actor instead of a man, doing what is expected, not what is right. Forster picks up on this idea as well. R onny Healsop is the character that exemplifies the ruling class of the nineteenth century British colonizers.He fulfills the characteristics of the administrative class. He adopts the aloof and chilly manner that was characteristic, caring only about his superiority over the Indians and his evenings at the club with his own kind (Kurinan 43). He shows his callousness and robotic adherence to his role as magistrate in India in an argument with his mother. ‘We're out here to do justice and keep the peace. Theme's my sentiments. India isn't a drawing room. ‘ ‘You're sentiments are those of a god,' she said quietly, but it was his manner rather than his sentiments that annoyed her. Trying to recover his temper, he said, ‘India likes gods. ‘And Englishmen like posing as gods. ‘ ‘There's no point in all this. Here we are, and we're going to stop, and the country's got to put up with us, gods or no gods. . . .I am out here to work, mind, to hold th is wretched country by force. I'm not a missionary or a Labor Member or a vague sentimental sympathetic literary man. I'm just a servant of the Government. . . .We're not pleasant in India, and we don't intend to be pleasant. We've something more important to do' (51-52). Ronny dehumanizes himself with his constant ravings about having more important things to do in India than being pleasant to the â€Å"natives. He puts himself up as a god, only there for justice and to hold the country together by force. He sheds any ideas of sentiment and in doing so shows how such ideas are looked upon with derision by the ruling class of the colony. Adela, Ronny's intended fiancee, recognizes this loss of humanity in him from his arguments. She thinks about his manner and it upsets her that â€Å"he did rub it in that he was not in India to behave pleasantly, and derived positive satisfaction there from! . . . The traces of young-man humanitarianism sloughed† (52).What she doesn't reali ze is that Ronny is merely accepting his role as Orwell's â€Å"conventionalized figure of a sahib† and Memmi's typical colonizer: harsh and cold with no time or inclination toward sentiment. Adela Quested is troubled by this conventionalized role. She comes to India to see its wonders and to connect with its people. Her first moments of seeing Ronny are telling because they show her reluctance to take upon herself the role of the British administrative archetype. She marvels at how he has changed and how unsympathetic he is to those he rules over.This idea is something that haunts her as she continually struggles with the role she must take on if she marries Ronny and remains in India. She has a hard time reconciling the notion of the India she sees with that she must be apart of. â€Å"In front, like a shutter, fell a vision of her married life. She and Ronny would look into the club like this every evening, then drive home to dress; they would see the Lesleys and the Call enders and the Turtons and the Burtons, and invite them and be invited by them while the true India slid by unnoticed† (48).Adela does not wish to be a part of the society that Ronny is so fond of. She even goes so far as to ask an Indian about how she can avoid becoming as the other women, something that no other British woman would do. As she rejects her role as actress in the British imperial play, Adela becomes Memmi's â€Å"colonizer who refuses† (19), becoming contemptible in the sight of the English society of India. Those who did not accept this role were viewed as the enemy in the imperial point of view. Memmi points out that those who enter the colonies must accept or go home. There is no middle ground.Those who show signs of humanitarian romanticism are viewed as the worst of all dangers and are on the side of the enemy (20). Adela's thoughts are always viewed as naive and idealistic, but everyone has faith that she will fit in in time. The British laugh at h er notions of wanting to see the real India that they try to shut out every day, but they figure that she will fall in line in the end. But what happens if she doesn't? Adela's refusal to pursue charges against Aziz when she realizes her folly in accusing him of attempted molestation leaves her ostracized.She rejects the role of imperialist colonizer and must live with the consequences. Those who were once her greatest supporters, fawning over her illness and pretending to be so caring and concerned, now become her most vehement enemies. Memmi observed that those colonizers who felt their ideas were betrayed became vicious (21). As Adela found out after her acquitting remarks on Aziza's behalf, her friends turned against her, her superiors denounced her, and even Ronny left her. Adela realizes that if she doesn't choose to wear the mask of imperialism that â€Å"one belongs nowhere and becomes a public nuisance without realizing it. . .I speak of India. I am not astray in † ( 291). One key element of her statement is that she is only a nuisance in India. Memmi asserts that those who are good cannot stay in the colony (21). The best of people must leave because they cannot accept the consequences of their remaining as a colonist. This idea also shows that these changes in character are only exhibited in India. The English in England share differing opinions and ideas. They are not caught in the play as the colonists are and so it shows that a definite change exists between leaving England and acclimatizing to India.Therefore, Adela, although cast out from the imperial administrative class of , may remain unchanged and return to . The last character is that of Fielding. Fielding takes on the role of the colonizer who refuses, but he takes a different path than Adela. Instead of leaving he turns to the colonized for support. Fielding always connects with the Indians. He has no qualms about speaking to them or visiting them in their homes, even visiting Aziz when he falls ill. He doesn't frequent â€Å"the club,† because he doesn't share all of the same opinions that the ruling English colonizers do.Fielding also realizes the truth that the real India lays not in the British imperial scope, but in the Indians themselves. When Adela is expressing her desires to see the real India, Ronny asks Fielding how one sees the â€Å"real India. † Fielding's answer is â€Å"Try seeing Indians† (25). This question results in many of the people at the club talking about how they see too many Indians and too often. This comment about seeing the real India through its people, however, shows a definite sympathy with a conquered people, more than any of the other British people were willing to show at any point.Fielding takes his rejection of the imperialist nature so far as to support and defend the natives against his own people. When Aziz is accused of assault on Adela, Fielding is the first to come to his aid, forsaking his own people. He even defiles the sanctity of the club, choosing it to be his battle ground and denouncing his own people and the play that they have chosen to act in. He makes a very bold statement to the amazement of his fellow British subjects. He declares, â€Å"I believe Dr. Aziz to be innocent. . . . If he is guilty I resign from my service, and leave India. I resign from the club now† (210).He completely rejects his people in their chosen sanctuary, defiling their temple of Britishness and becoming their number one enemy. He is immediately denounced as he rejects this role of imperial aristocrat for benevolent humanitarian. He refuses the mask and doesn't just walk away from it, as Adela must eventually do, but he stomps on it. He in no way forsakes his British heritage, but he realizes that friendship is possible with the Indians, and he is willing to fight for his cause. He becomes the moral hero to the Indians, a quality that Memmi says is important to his acceptance into their confidence.But, Memmi also states that Fielding cannot completely join them because above all he is still British and therefore holds the same ideas and prejudices that he grew up with (45). That is unavoidable because, after all, Fielding is still a British citizen, something that can't be erased. In the end Fielding does turn back to his own people, marrying an English girl, but I think it is significant that he returns to England to find this girl, who is connected with Miss Quested and Mrs. Moore, the two idealistic characters in the novel. Fielding becomes more of a part of the imperial ociety with his marriage ties, but he remains free of the change that occurs in the colonies by making his match away from India. He stays free of the role of imperial actor and continues on with his notions of friendship and peace with the Indian people. I assert that Forster presented Fielding as an example of how to resist the imperial Indian machine and yet still maintain his British culture. Fielding is the most sympathetic, not wavering on his regard for the people, only realizing the differences that may lie between their personalities and cultures.When he becomes the â€Å"colonizer that refuses,† Fielding shows that resistance of the changes that come upon the colonizer is possible and that the role of imperial actor may be refused. Imperialism was a British institution for a long time. It brought British people in contact with many cultures and peoples. It also helped them to affect a great amount of change on indigenous ways of life. The images and accounts of the brutality and callousness of the Imperial administrators are legendary and will always be the most examined part of its long stretch until its fall in the twentieth century.These effects on the native cultures are important, as are the accounts of their plights, however now we can see that Imperialism and colonization didn't only affect the colonized, but that it had an effect on the colo nizer as well. Aime Cesaire stated that â€Å"colonial activity, colonial enterprise, colonial conquest, which is based on contempt for the nature and justified by that contempt, inevitable tends to change him who undertakes it† (20). Living the life of imperialism has its stamp. It can't help but have it.As George Orwell insinuated, it is a play, and the imperial citizens and administrators were actors, trying to play their parts as demi-gods with great confidence and authority (Kuinan 55). When any person did not live up to the art of performance, they either returned to England or joined in the plight of the native, being ostracized from their â€Å"people. † Forster presents a picture of this Imperial England. A Passage to India provides a perfect stage in which to watch the action play out among those who accept their role and those who rebel, whether knowingly or not.His portrayal of the characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding show the three different types of colo nizers that Memmi observed in his own life as a suppressed â€Å"native. † Each character portrays a different situation and mind set, demonstrating the different alternatives in the colonial/imperial life. Through these characters we truly see the effects that imperialism had on not only the colonized, but also the colonizer, showing that no one is immune .

Fry Now, Pay Later essays

Fry Now, Pay Later essays Cancer of the skin is the most common of all cancers. About one million cases will be occurring in our country this year. Skin Cancer is most common in fair skinned people, and very rare in African Americans. The main way to get skin cancer is through sunburn. Those who have fair skin and red or blonde hair burn easily. The darker the skin, the better chances are of not getting sunburn that would lead to skin cancer. The suns rays are the strongest from around 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Many people dont think of their skin as an organ. It protects us against heat, light, injuries, and infections. It also helps to control body temperature and stores water, fat, and Vitamin D. The skin is made up of two layers, the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin and is made up of sqamous cells. The dermis is the inner layer of skin that is made up of basal cells and the deepest part of the dermis is the melanocyte cells. These produce melanin, which gives your skin its color. What a lot of people like to do is get a tan. Well, really when the suns rays penetrate your skin the melanin comes further up your dermis and through your epidermis, which gives your skin the tan glow. When you do lie out on the beach for a long time, your skin can go past the tan glow and give it a red glow, meaning the melanin worked too hard and released that color instead of the color of you skins natural color. When you stay out in the sun also you may get skin cancer. There are some different types of skin cancers. There is, basal cell carcinoma, and the warning signs are: an open sore that doesnt close and bleeds continuously, reddish irritated patch that doesnt stop itching, a smooth bump that has an elevated ring around the edge, or a shiny translucent bump that can have a pinkish tint. Another type of skin cancer is, sqamous cell carcinoma. If it is not treated it can be dea...

Systems maintainence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Systems maintainence - Research Paper Example Theoretically, a reliable product is completely free of any technical errors. In practical world, there is no an ideal system (Huo, Zhang, Wang, & Yan, 2005). The reliability-Centred Maintenance Reliability-Centred Maintenance, simply called RCM is a system improvement approach that focuses on identifying and fixing the maintenance, operational and capital enhancement policies that would manage the dangers of equipment failure in the most effective way (Hauge & Johnston, 2001). It is a framework that facilitates the definition of a total maintenance regime. It considers maintenance as the means through which the functions required by a user are met. As a discipline, RCM enables machinery stakeholders to observe, predict, asses, and in general terms understand the working of their practical assets (Douglas & Greg, 1997). This is included in the first part of the RCM procedures that involves identifying the operating context of the given system, and document a Failure Mode Effects and Critically Analysis Applying the â€Å"RCM logic† is the second part of the analysis, which helps to establish the suitable maintenance tasks for the spotted failure modes of FMECA. Immediately the logic is complete for the entire FMECA elements, the outcome of the maintenance are â€Å"packed† in order for the task periodicities to be rationalized and be called up in the work packets. However, it is vital not to demolish the maintenance applicability at this stage. Lastly, it is advisable for RCM to be kept live during the entire â€Å"in-service† machinery life, where the efficiency of the maintenance is reviewed constantly and adjusted as per the experience obtained (Douglas & Greg, 1997). The RCM method can be used to recognize the most effective way to utilize resources for medical system maintenance. It involves spotting out actions that when applied, will decrease the possibility of failure and that are more cost-friendly. It seeks the best mix of Conditi on-founded actions, a Run-to Failure, or Time-or-Cycle-Based operations approach. Reliability-Cantered Maintenance is a continuous process that collects data on uses and performance of data to enhance planning for maintenance in future. These maintenance methods, rather than being used independently, are put together to take advantage of their respective powers to optimise equipment/departmental operation and competence within a particular resource constraint (Huo, Zhang, Wang, & Yan, 2005). RCM approach employs Planned Preventive Maintenance (PPM), repair, proactive maintenance methods, and Predictive Testing and Inspection. (PT&I) techniques are an integrated way to increase the likelihood that a medical component or device will work in the required way over its design life-cycle. The aim of this approach is to offer the required availability and reliability at the lowest cost possible. It necessitates that maintenance decisions be founded on the requirements justified by economic and technical support. Like for any approach, there are numerous processes or paths that lead to an eventual end. This is especially a reality for RCM, where the results of failure can differ dramatically (Hauge & Johnston, 2001). Define supportability and how it is used in the system design process Supportability refers to the level to which the design features of a support or standby system meet the operational needs of a firm (Yu, Li, Jia, & Li, 2012). In

Isms Related to the film Waking Life Assignment

Isms Related to the film Waking Life - Assignment Example An appreciation of the influences of surrealism, Dadaism, and expressionism as reflected in the film Waking Life should begin with an appreciation of the distinguishing features of the three isms. In general terms, films that embrace the aspect of surrealism will often tend to portray certain cinematographic techniques in unnatural, and bizarre, unrestrained, and nearly superfluous representations to capture the essence of the subconscious potential. This is usually meant to uncover the hidden truths and potentials that are naturally restrained by the conscious processes. The reliance on the subconscious to create new meaning and expand on old realities requires a determined shift from the usual order, which is synonymous with the conscious world. In this film, the film director employed multiple techniques to achieve the aspect of surrealism (Linklater 67). The visual and audio techniques of the film evoke a sense of strangeness that dislocates natural truths as known in the physica l world. By representing characters and situations in dreamlike worlds, the director achieves the purpose of aligning the aspects of reality in distorted forms. There seems to be no established order and the representation of the physical forms is generally distorted or, in some cases, altogether formless. The representation of these aspects of reality might be considered as one of the primary considerations of the director in his desire to engage the subconscious processes of the mind. The discussions that take place in this film are generally aimed at emphasizing on illusory realities, which are held as supreme and limitless. For instance, the protagonist eventually floats to oblivion at the end of the film. He is lifted by indescribable forces and appears to have finally transited into the dream world and woken up from the illusion of the physical world in line with the reflections that dominate the film. It might be necessary to regard this aspect of floating as the ultimate tri umph of the super-real over the real. Paranormal feelings and actions are brought out in the reflections and actions of the film to unleash the full potential of the subconscious processes. The use of light and colour also contributes to the development of the surrealistic features of the film. There is little balance in colour, which makes the representations to appear incongruous and altogether indescribable. In this manner, it makes sense to consider this film as the ultimate representation of alternative forms of existence that can be achieved by harnessing the power of the subconscious mind. Dadaism has very close relationships with surrealism and is usually regarded as the parent idea from which surrealism emerged. Dada art usually seeks to unsettle aspects of reality in ways that does not make sense within the conventional systems. Both surrealism and Dadaism emerged in Europe after the periods of war as a rebellion by artists to the ways of thinking that culminated into the chaos (Elger 71). They were embraced as the antithesis to the dominant systems of thought. Dadaism would embrace mediocrity, nonsense, and outlandish qualities to expand on the various aspects of reality. It would be important to regard these forms of art as encompassing the entire