A Lesson From Oliver Essays - Scoop, , Term Papers

A Lesson From Oliver by David Jorgensen Like some other morning I was up at four, the day Oliver met with his rough passing. At four toward the beginning of the day the grass is wet. Presently, it's despite everything wet at 6 a.m. what's more, even at seven, and these tend to be the long periods of decision for the vast majority wishing to value the marvel of grass wetness. Yet, it's a disaster of financial matters that, when work begins at 5 a.m., one isn't managed a similar time-choices for grass appreciation as individuals from the normal world. Nor was this disaster kept to my valuing the wet grass while in a metabolic state increasingly fit to hibernation. Four a.m. was my solitary opportunity to assimilate all of northern Ontario's mid year morning treasures. These were various and dishonorably misjudged by my torpid resources, so impolitely stimulated before their time. Be that as it may, here was nature, resolved to be great with or without my investment, and some way or another at some inner mind level, put away for future reference, I appear to have soaked up her unobtrusive improvements. Along the eastern shores of the night-sky a sprinkle of shading would develop. The throughout the night cricket band would hesitantly wind down under the principal delicate reveille from those prompt risers of witticism acclaim. And afterward would come the most striking impression of all: the smell of new dew on the grass - I think the expressions invigorating and inebriating were instituted by somebody who'd recently taken their first breath of northern morning air (however they likely did as such somewhere in the range of 6 and 7 a.m. at the point when one is better prepared to wax beautiful and the entry of tangible data from one's noses to the mind isn't so miserably obstructed - just like the case at 4 a.m.). Every one of these sensations I can completely acknowledge just presently, by and large (since as of now I guarantee you it isn't 4 a.m.). At four o'clock that morning of June 26, 1979, as I walked over the section of land measured garden to the old shed outside my folks' unassuming country home - arranged along the English Bay sideroad, neglecting the separated, shimmering waters of Blue-Pine Lake, somewhere in the range of six miles west of the little visitor town of Thistle, Ontario - the main sensation pervading my sleepy cognizance was the nibble of that long wet grass leaking through the creases of my old running shoes. What's more, even this twigged just one, unpoetic picture at 4 a.m.: Mother's going to make me cut the garden when I return home. Reality of this semi-discouraging understanding was strengthened as I pulled up my trouser leg to snap a flexible band over the sleeve: my ratty pants were wet up past the lower leg. Most likely about it...the grass length had now authoritatively outperformed my mom's resilience of things long and verdant. This yard would be cut. I would be the killer choose. I jumped on my ten-speed: second-rigging to get up the carport, a Or maybe impressive grade from the bicycle shed; 6th rigging over the rock street, around two miles. At that point hit the expressway, pop her into tenth and journey the last four miles to town on radiant asphalt. Of course, however, I'd scarcely siphoned out of the carport before the breeze from my own humble fly stream started making my grass hosed feet begin wanting warm socks - an irritating incongruity, considering the oven of a sky under which I'd generally pedal home later in the day. That is one point in favor of 4 a.m., regardless of wet feet, it's the most amicable time of day in the hot summer a long time to go significant distance bicycle riding. In the diminish, level pre-day break light I could make out just three particular structures. There was the blue-dark sky hanging overhead like some unlimited, gravity-resisting lake; there was the spooky dark segment of rock questionably denoting my pathway; and there were the two inauspicious dark dividers, indistinct what's more, solid, flanking either roadside. The cool air licked at my face and started to wash the pulsating deadness from my head. It moreover cleared my eyes and I started to recognize just because the singular trees - for the most part birch, poplar and pines of a few assortment - of which those ceaseless side of the road dividers were fabricated. I was starting to wake up. In like manner, my contemplations advanced to the following phase of their conventional morning run which took them day by day from the bed of absolute confusion, to the boulevards of paltry pondering and - for the most part, in the long run - to the workplaces of helpful association. For those

China Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine about the China Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia. Answer: Presentation This report centers around the Business ecological investigation of Cambodia for the business extension. This is the worldwide business report on the organization Novotel that is entering in the universal market of Cambodia. Novotel is an upscale inn brand under the AccorHotels gathering. In current time, Novotel has around 400 lodgings and resorts working in 60 nations. Novotel has begun its first inn in France and now it is working in everywhere throughout the world. Presently, lodging will grow its business in Cambodia. Be that as it may, before entering in the new nation, it is significant for the organization to comprehend the business condition of the nation which can essentially influence the business tasks (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). This report breaks down the natural components including the formal and casual establishments of the nation. Business Environmental Analysis Formal Institutions Legislative issues Political framework at first assumes a critical job and bigly affects the business. There are different variables of Cambodias political elements that sway on the inn professional government guidelines, provincial joining and the degree of tax assessment. Cambodia is one of the creating nations which has sacred domain with majority rule government of multi gatherings and elective specialists. Cambodia has the position of most major worldwide organizations like ASEAN, IMF, WTO, UN and The World Bank (The Heritage Foundation, 2017). Further, nation has stable world of politics which is valuable for the new business in the nation. It must be noticed that there is high political hazard in the nation. The framework of Cambodia is poor and there is the need of extra speculations. The entrance of power is restricted there and this is the test for larger part of populace. Laws Legitimate framework and rules of games In Cambodia, there is the business register law which characterizes the procedure and prerequisites related with the enrollment or development of business organization. As the piece of commitment to advertise advancement, Ministry of Commerce of Cambodia has permitted outside organizations to connect unreservedly in the business activities. Abroad organizations just need to select themselves with the Ministry of Commerce and make good on significant assessments. Next, there is business endeavors law which accommodates the advancement of four kinds of legitimate individual for example restricted association, regular business, private constrained organization and open constrained organization. This law gives free legitimate character to the organization and lawful risk for the investors. Alongside this, it characterizes the rights and accountabilities of the members of the organization. Next, there is business mediation law in the Cambodian legitimate framework so as to settle business questions in the lawful and legal condition. In spite of compelling laws and enactments, there are issues in the laborers rights. Notwithstanding of all around created work assembly, there is juridical defilement and feeble observing organizations which prompted maltreatment of the privileges of laborers. Because of absence of associations, it is hard for individuals to take adversary their privileges in working environments. Financial aspects Monetary turn of events Over two many years of solid money related turn of events, Cambodia has accomplished the degree of lower center salary starting at 2016 alongside the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita coming to $1,070. Because of Garments fares and Tourism, there is a customary advancement pace of 7.6% in the nation which has positioned 6th on the planet. In Cambodia, it is normal that monetary development of the nation will stay solid throughout the following two years for example 6.8% in 2018 and 6.9% in 2019. Neediness is consistently falling in Cambodia as in 2014; the destitution rate was 13.5% as complexity to 47.8% in 2007. Around 90% of denied individuals live in the nation. Alongside this, Cambodia has the Millennium Development Goals by helping neediness. Around 4.5 million individuals remain close poor, vulnerable to declining once again into destitution (The World Bank Group, 2017). Wellbeing and instruction is significant improvement needs for Cambodia. There are 32% or around 0.5 million youngsters under five who are immature. In the essential training, net enlistment expanded from 82% in 1997 from 97% in 2017. Further, lower auxiliary fulfillment rate is 43%. Monetary framework The monetary arrangement of Cambodia is an open market framework or market economy and has accomplished brisk financial improvement during a decade ago. In 2015, Cambodia has GDP of $18.05 billion. Further, per capita pay is quickly expanding yet it is low as contrasted and most neighboring nations. As of now the focal point of the nation is on building up agreeable outskirts with neighbor nations for example Vietnam and Thailand. In the open market of the nation, exchange is significant for the economy of Cambodia (Kotler et al, 2012). The normal applied tax rate is 4.9% in the nation. New outside interest in the nation might be observed by the administration of Cambodia. Privatization in the nation has expanded the proficiency of banking area. Credit to private part in the nation has expanded. It ought to be noticed that there is the significant level of financial hazard in Cambodia. The quickly developing economy of the nation is ruled by the travel industry, development and horticulture. Alongside this, The World Bank has characterized Cambodia as the nation of low-center pay nation (Oneill, 2014). Casual Institutions Culture In Cambodia, individuals have conventions and customs so as to accomplish broad and stable relations in the business. Cambodians puts stock in having suitable execution which is extremely essential. The nation has long history of human advancement and culture which is influenced by Indian nation. Cambodians have two strict perspectives for example Hinduism and Buddhism. 95% of Buddhist depends on close to home encounters, sensibility and basic examination. The social investigation of Cambodia should be possible by Hofstede Cultural Dimension. High Power separation There is the noteworthy hole in the Cambodian culture between unrivaled force and powerless. This is related with the separation among rich and poor. Significant level of vulnerability evasion The development of Cambodia is probably going to lessen the danger and ensure the financial protections. There are different composed principles, less hazard taking by officials, less goal-oriented representatives and lower work turnover (Hofstede, 2011). Community Individuals in Cambodia are worried for long haul affiliations. They give more worry to family, gatherings and society. Further, they care for one another to show devotion and less independence. High women's activist or low manliness record Individuals care for one another and greatness of the life for the two people. In the associations, administrators give greater affirmation to the representatives on the off chance that they carry out their responsibility with high obligation. Alongside this, they permit them more opportunity (Alkailani, Azzam and Athamneh, 2012). Morals Dominion There is both positive also negative parts of colonialism morals of Cambodia. In the positive angle, Cambodia is constantly thriving with the material business because of its standards and morals. There are numerous Cambodians who despite everything live with farming business. Further, there is additionally acceptable arrangement of the travel industry which improves the economy of nation. Alongside this, there are solid social associations in the Cambodian culture (Tang, 2012). Then again, the economy of the nation is anything but difficult to lose as the huge piece of this is the travel industry. Cambodians are depending on the cultivating occupation for the food and business yet there is the danger of whether conditions. By knowing the foundation data, nation has made a few adversaries that can unleash and affect on the exchanges of the nation (Webley Werner, 2008). Standards In the Cambodian culture, there are a few standards followed by individuals in Cambodia. Some of them are as per the following: Language-Khmer is the official language of Cambodia. This language is utilized in the social setting for example training at all the levels, government organizations and in broad communications. This language is spoken by 7 million individuals which are 90% of all out populace. Ideas There are reasonable thoughts identified with community which assumes indispensable jobs in the regular day to day existence of Cambodians. For karma, the idea incorporates with the law of activity and sanely. For the community, individuals in Cambodia offer inclinations to family, society and gatherings instead of person. The thought concentrations about concealing any hint of failure which attempts to avoid losing face of anybody in the exchanges. In this way, on the off chance that any organization needs to work with Cambodia, at that point it ought to be aware of the activities (Vidal-Suarez Lopez-Duarte, 2013). Welcome When Cambodian welcome, they twist around their head for demonstrating reverence with squeezing the hands commonly. This movement is known as Som Pas. Further, when Cambodians meet with remote people then they fundamentally adapt the welcome of outside styles by shaking hands. Rather than taking the name of Cambodians, they use Lok instead of Mr. of the men and Lok Srey instead of Ms. or on the other hand Mrs. For ladies before the primary name (Tilley, Fredricks Hornett, 2012). Clothing regulation There is appropriate clothing standard which is significant for Cambodian. Clothing standard speaks to their situation in the general public. So as to do organizations in the nation, individuals likewise center around proper clothing standard. In the business procedure in Cambodia, men wear shirt with neckline with long jeans. Then again, ladies wear dresses or shirts rather short skirts. References Alkailani, M., Azzam, I. what's more, Athamneh, A., (2012), Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, Reevaluating the Jordanian Culture, IBR, 5(4). Frynas, J. G., Mellahi, K., (2011), Global Strategic Management, (second), New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Hofstede, G., (2011), Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and

A Story

A Story As Ive said many a time, but will say again for new readers, I live in Burton-Conner. In Burton-Conner we have kitchens, kitchens for cooking our own food, if we so choose. Many people embrace the kitchens and cook almost all of their meals there. Im not very cooking-inclined, nor do I really feel like learning right away, so I dont use the kitchens very often. This story, however, doesnt concern me, it concerns the girl across the hall. Sara 12 is also a resident of Conner 2. You may remember her from giant fish fame. She also doesnt cook. In fact, I think she and I are the only two who dont even really own dishes, we just use disposable dishes. Anyway, I make no secrets about not cooking. James 11 will be the first to tell you that the day he saw me cooking corned beef hash was one of the most miraculous days ever. Sara, however, still pretends to cook. Saras menu consists of two items, soup and cereal, both of which she fills too full. People on the floor who do cook, however, know that Sara is bluffing, that soup and cereal doesnt count as real cooking (as much as she says it does). Teasing and taunting happens (all in good fun of course), but Sara stands by her soup and cereal. One day, the taunting and the teasing came to a head. Sara misspoke one day, and Yuki, one of the most active kitchen-monkeys on the floor thought he heard her say that she burnt her cereal. Not oatmeal, not soup, but cereal. He couldnt believe it, so he asked her. . . Did you just say you burnt your cereal? Believing he was kidding, Sara responded in jest. Oh, yeah, oops. H- how? This is a critical time for both Sara and Yuki. This is when Sara realized Yuki believed her, and when Yuki realized he could hold this against her forever. Sara wasnt thrilled, Yuki was ecstatic. Soon the entire floor knew about Sara burning her cereal and there were rumors abound about how it may have happened. Lets be honest, burning cereal isnt easy. We figured we could figure it out, but in the end, we realized that in order to burn cereal Sara must have been a spectacularly bad cook. Time passed, the incident was generally forgotten, except for the occasional jab when she was spotted walking extremely slowly with a very full bowl of cereal. Then, one day, the most magnificent picture on the internet was discovered. Click for image Words . . . Cannot . . . Describe

Daniel de Lill - ThoughtCo

The Great Shots With My Own Eyes - 1694 Words

I have to add an asterisk here for the reason that I have not stood vigil over all golf shots in the history of the game. But you already knew that. What I have done is to pay careful attention to all the major championships since the early 1990s and have read about most of the others. Sure, it s kind of nerdy, but I am a historian of golf. Not the greatest historian, or even a historian who has seen very many of the great shots with my own eyes; nonetheless, I have developed what I hope are some fair opinions on golf s greatest surprises. What follows is a ranking of what I think are 10 of the best shock shots or events in the game; please add or correct me if you think I have left anything out. Bear in mind that I am biased in†¦show more content†¦Venturi, near-delirious, managed to finish at a risk to his health and ended up the champion of a very emotional open. 5. Johnny Miller, 1973 U.S. Open. Oakmont and the word forgiving rarely collide in the same sentence. Mil ler, several shots back coming into Sunday, claimed to have heard a voice that told him to open his stance. He listened to it, and the result is the lowest final round ever shot in a U.S. Open. 4. Jean Van de Velde, 1999 British Open, Carnoustie. Van de Velde is a famous golfer, but not for a good reason. His only contention for a major is clouded by the fact that he triple bogeyed the final hole with a three shot lead. He got into a playoff and lost to Paul Lawrie. Personally, I always played irons off the tee in similar positions after watching this painful debacle. 3. Bobby Jones, 1930 (all majors). One of the greatest legends in the game, Jones completed the only recorded grand slam ; he won all four of golf s majors in the same year. Albeit, the majors included the British and U.S. Amateur championships at the time, we can t fault Jones. It was all that was available to him, and he won. 2. Gene Sarazen, 1935 Masters. True, they call Bobby Thomson s homerun the shot heard round the world but the real title should go to the Squire. Sarazen holed a fairway wood for a double eagle on Augusta s 15th hole in theShow MoreRelatedDo the Right Thing Analysis1576 Words   |  7 Pagesblack neighbourhood in Brooklyn is what many consider a great movie. The movie portrays stories of many actors consisting from different palettes, where each has their own conflicts and struggles. It is a very entertaining movie yet it will leave you emotionally connected to the events that took place. It would not have reached its current success if it wasn’t for the unique cinematography. In the coming sections I will be talking about the shots, angles, lighting styles, symbolism and colour. Realism Read MoreThe Art of Film Making is My Passion1276 Words   |  6 Pagesrecently took a trip down to Tennessee with my family over the summer. This was our first time going down to Tennessee, and also our first time going this far down south. We rented a giant log cabin high in the hills in Wears Valley. On this cabin, there was a long, wrap-around porch on the second floor, with an incredible view of the top of the mountains in the distance. It was a fantastic trip, and I wanted to bring the whole thing home with me, so I did. My parents brought our video camera, and, meRead MoreEssay On Civil War1074 Words   |  5 Pageswalked towards the gunshots, they came across colonists singing along with her people. The Plymouth Colonist, couldnt correctly pronounce most of the words in the song. How could they continue to live in peace when they cant even speak each others own tongue, thought Honovi. Soon, they arrived at their destination. White and copper men were lined up with i ron guns, aiming at red and white circular targets 50 feet ahead of them. While some of her people looked to be learning from the white men toRead MoreA Heated Competitive Nature Of Basketball1053 Words   |  5 Pages I grew up with five brothers, naturally there was a heated competitive nature in my household over anything and everything. Notably when the competition at hand was the sport of basketball. Growing up basketball was more than a game, it was a way of life. My brothers and I analyzed every aspect of basketball, we were students of the game. I recall the 2008 NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament, there was this undersized point guard playing for Davidson College by the name of Stephen Curry. This kid tookRead MoreZoe Rain: A Photographer and Her Art Essay730 Words   |  3 Pagesyears, Zoe Rain has been involved in a number of photography programs. Since 2009 she has been an associate at a photography company called JKoe, which is a local Seattle company (JKoe). 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Bhanwar was how I met Irrfan as he had come to Delhi to shoot one of the episodes. So I met Tigmanshu and he gave me the script. The moment I read it I felt this was my kind of script. I liked it a lot. I liked the movie Bandit Queen- the way it was handled, the way it was shot, the consistency of the film/cinematographyRead MoreThe Things They Carried Essay On War1487 Words   |  6 Pagesskirt. For a long while the girl gazed down at Fossie, almost blankly, and in the candlelight her face had the composure of someone perfectly at peace with herself. It took a few seconds, Rat said, to appreciate the full change. In part it was her e yes: utterly flat and indifferent. There was no emotion in her stare, no sense of the person behind it. But the grotesque part, he said, was her jewelry. At the girl s throat was a necklace of human tongues. Elongated and narrow, like pieces of blackenedRead MoreI Was So Tired - Original Writing1111 Words   |  5 Pagestired. My family and I had been kayaking since eight o’clock a.m. on this balmy Saturday morning, and the time was now approaching two p.m. With little rain the week before, kayaking was harder today than almost any other. This deficiency of precipitation caused the water to be low, therefore we had to walk when the rocks cropped out above the water. My exhaustion was beginning to affect my attitude. It seemed as if everything was so dark and awful, since I was just simply fatigued by my early

Pablo Membreno Free Essays

The plaintiff Pablo Membreno was a citizen of Honduras, who worked as an oiler on the ships owned by Costa Crociere, S. p. A (Costa), which was an Italian company whose headquarters were in Genoa, Italy. We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Membreno or any similar topic only for you Order Now Costa fully owned another company Carnival Corporation, panama. Carnival Corporation was operating in Miami, Florida. Costa had no land – based offices in the United States. Membreno was hired on contract by Cruise Ships Catering Service International, N. V. (CSCS), Netherlands Antilles, to work onboard Costa Atlantica, which began its cruise from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. While the ship was in international waters, Membreno injured his wrist in the course of his work. The plaintiff claimed that despite having reported the matter to the supervisor and the ship’s doctor, he had not been given medical treatment. Five days later, his contract was completed and he disembarked from the ship. In Honduras a surgeon diagnosed Membreno with Kinnock’s disease and recommended surgery. Membreno sought a second opinion in Miami from an orthopedic surgeon, who performed surgery on the plaintiff’s wrist. He also received physical therapy. Procedural History: Membreno filed a case in the Southern District Court of Florida seeking redress for his damage. The number of defendants in the case was four but later reduced to two upon a consensus of the parties to the case. Costa and CSCS invoked the doctrine of forum non conveniens to move the court for a dismissal. The district court dismissed the case and Membreno appealed in the Eleventh Circuit Court. Issues legal question: The legal issues raised were whether or not the plaintiff could seek redressal in US courts for an injury that had occurred in international waters, the area of applicability of the Jones Act and the General Maritime Laws and whether such actions could be dismissed on the grounds of forum non conveniens. Broad holding: The Jones Act and the General Maritime Laws apply only within the territorial waters of the United States and the plaintiff will be precluded from filing suit at the location of a subsidiary company. Narrow holding: The district court rejected the application of the plaintiff seeking redress on the basis that he was injured in the international waters and the Florida company was merely a subsidiary company. Doctrinal Reasoning: In Szumlicz v. Norwegian Am. Line, Inc the court had held that if the laws of the United States were not applicable, then the action should be dismissed on the grounds of forum non conveniens (Szumlicz v Norwegian Am. Line, Inc, 1983). In Lauritzen v. Larsen, the Supreme Court laid down a set of eight factors to be satisfied. These factors are the place of the wrongful act, the national flag under which the ship was sailing, the domicile of the injured party, the dwelling place of the ship owner, the location where the parties had entered into the agreement, the approachability of a foreign forum, the law of the forum and the place of operations of the ship owner (Lauritzen v. Larsen, 1953 ). In the present case, six conditions had been in the favor of the defendants and as such the defendants had argued that the United States law was not applicable to the plaintiff. Policy Reasoning: The district court had properly interpreted and applied the doctrine of forum non conveniens in this case and the Eleventh Circuit Court upheld the decision of the district court. Miscellaneous: There was no difference of opinion between the presiding judges and the decision was unanimous. References Lauritzen v. Larsen, 345 U. S. 571 (1953 ). Szumlicz v Norwegian Am. Line, Inc, 698F. 2d 1192 (11th Circuit Court 1983). How to cite Pablo Membreno, Papers

The status of ancient egyptian women Essay Example For Students

The status of ancient egyptian women Essay The Status of Women in Ancient Egyptian SocietyUnlike the position of women in most other ancient civilizations, including that of Greece, the Egyptian woman seems to have enjoyed the same legal and economic rights as the Egyptian man at least in theory. This notion is reflected in Egyptian art and historical inscriptions. It is uncertain why these rights existed for the woman in Egypt but no where else in the ancient world. It may well be that such rights were ultimately related to the theoretical role of the king in Egyptian society. If the pharaoh was the personification of Egypt, and he represented the corporate personality of the Egyptian state, then men and women might not have been seen in their familiar relationships, but rather, only in regard to this royal center of society. Since Egyptian national identity would have derived from all people sharing a common relationship with the king, then in this relationship, which all men and women shared equally, they werein a senseequal to each other. We will write a custom essay on The status of ancient egyptian women specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is not to say that Egypt was an egalitarian society. It was not. Legal distinctions in Egypt were apparently based much more upon differences in the social classes, rather than differences in gender. Rights and privileges were not uniform from one class to another, but within the given classes, it seems that equal economic and legal rights were, for the most part, accorded to both men and women. Most of the textual and archaeological evidence for the role of women that survives from prior to the New Kingdom pertains to the elite, not the common folk. At this time, it is the elite, for the most part, who leave written records or who can afford tombs that contain such records. However, from the New Kingdom onward, and certainly by the Ptolemaic Period, such evidence pertains more and more to the non-elite, i.e. , to women of the middle and lower classes. Actually, the bulk of the evidence for the economic freedom of Egyptian women derives from the Ptolemaic Period. The Greek domination of Egypt, which began with the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 B.C. , did not sweep away Egyptian social and political institutions. Both Egyptian and Greek systems of law and social traditions existed side-by-side in Egypt at that time. Greeks functioned within their system and Egyptians within theirs. Mixed parties of Greeks and Egyptians making contractual agreements or who were forced into court over legal disputes would choose which of the two legal systems in which they would base their settlements. Ironically, while the Egyptians were the subjugated people of their Greek rulers, Egyptian women, operating under the Egyptian system, had more privileges and civil rights than the Greek women living in the same society, but who functioned under the more restrictive Greek social and legal system. WOMENS LEGAL RIGHTSThe Egyptian womans rights extended to all the legally defined areas of society. From the bulk of the legal documents, we know that women could manage and dispose of private property, including: land, portable goods, servants, slaves, livestock, and money (when it existed), as well as financial instruments (i.e. , endowments and annuities). A woman could administer all her property independently and according to her free will. She could conclude any kind of legal settlement. She could appear as a contracting partner in a marriage contract or a divorce contract; she could execute testaments; she could free slaves; she could make adoptions. She was entitled to sue at law. It is highly significant that a woman in Egypt could do all of the above and initiate litigation in court freely without the need of a male representative. This amount of freedom was at variance with that of the Greek woman who required a designated male, called a kourios, to represent or stand for her in all legal contracts and proceedings. This male was her husband, father or brother. WOMENS PROPERTY RIGHTSThere were several ways for an Egyptian woman to acquire possessions and real property. Most frequently, she received it as gifts or as an inheritance from her parents or husband, or else, she received it through purchaseswith goods which she earned either through employment, or which she borrowed. Under Egyptian property law, a woman had claim to one-third of all the community property in her marriage, i.e. the property which accrued to her husband and her only after they were married. When a woman brought her own private property to a marriage (e.g., as a dowry), this apparently remained hers, although the husband often had the free use of it. However, in the event of divorce her property had to be returned to her, in addition to any divorce settlement that might be stipulated in the original marriage contract. A wife was entitled to inherit one-third of that community property on the death of her husband, while the other two-thirds was divided among the children, followed up by the brothers and sisters of the deceased. To circumvent this possibility and to enable his wife to receive either a larger part of the share, or to allow her to dispose of all the property, a husband could do several things: 1) In the Middle Kingdom, he could draw up an imyt-pr, a house document, which was a legal unilateral deed for donating property. As a living will, it was made and perhaps executed while the husband was still alive. In this will, the husband would assign to his wife what he wished of his own private property, i.e., what he acquired before his marriage. An example of this is the imyt-pr of Wah from el-Lahun. 2) If there were no children, and the husband did not wish his brothers and sisters to receive two-thirds of the community property, he could legally adopt his wife as his child and heir and bequeath all the property to her. Even if he had other children, he could still adopt his wife, so that, as his one of his legal offspring, she would receive some of the two-thirds share, in addition to her normal one-third share of the community property. A woman was free to bequeath property from her husband to her children or even to her own brothers and sisters (unless there was some stipulation against such in her husbands will). One papyrus tells us how a childless woman, who after she inherited her husbands estate, raised the three illegitimate children who were born to him and their female household slave (such liaisons were fairly common in the Egyptian household and seem to have borne no social stigma). She then married the eldest illegitimate step-daughter to her younger brother, whom she adopted as her son, that they might receive the entire inheritance. A woman could also freely disinherit children of her private property, i.e., the property she brought to her marriage or her share of the community property. She could selectively bequeath that property to certain children and not to others. WOMEN IN CONTRACTSWomen in Egypt were consistently concluding contracts, including: marriage and divorce settlements, engagements of wet-nurses, purchases of property, even arrangements for self-enslavement. Self-enslavement in Egypt was actually a form of indentured servitude. Although self-enslavement appears to have been illegal in Egypt, it was practiced by both men and women. .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa , .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa .postImageUrl , .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa , .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa:hover , .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa:visited , .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa:active { border:0!important; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa:active , .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb2a36d3168f656f183fb6cbec3ab6aa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hydrologic Cycle Essay To get around the illegality, the servitude was stipulated only for a limited number of years, although it was usually said to be 99 years. Under self-enslavement, women often technically received a salary for their labor. Two reasons for which a woman might be forced into such an arrangement are:(1) as payment to a creditor to satisfy bad debts;(2) to be assured of ones provisions and financial security, for which a person might even pay a monthly fee, as though they were receiving a service. However, this fee would equal the salary that the provider had to pay for her labor; thus, no money would be exchanged. Since this service was a legal institution, then a contract was drawn up stipulating the conditions and the responsibilities of the involved parties. In executing such an arrangement, a woman could also include her children and grandchildren, alive or unborn. One such contract of a woman who bound herself to the temple of Saknebtynis states: The female servant (so so) has said before my master, Saknebtynis, the great god, I am your servant, together with my children and my childrens children. I shall not be free in your precinct forever and ever. You will protect me; you will keep me safe; you will guard me. You will keep me sound; you will protect me from every demon, and I will pay you 1-1/4 kita of copper . . . until the completion of 99 years, and I will give it to your priests monthly. If such women married male slaves, the status of their children depended on the provisions of their contracts with their owners. WOMEN BEFORE THE BAREgyptian women had the right to bring lawsuits against anyone in open court, and there was no gender-based bias against them, and we have many cases of women winning their claims. A good example of this fact is found in the Inscription of Mes. This inscription is the actual court record of a long and drawn- out private land dispute which occurred in the New Kingdom. Significantly, the inscription shows us four things: (1) women could manage property, and they could inherit trusteeship of property; (2) women could institute litigation (and appeal to the court of the vizier); (3) women were awarded legal decisions (and had decisions reversed on appeal); (4) women acted as witnesses before a court of law. However, based upon the Hermopolis Law Code of the third century B.C. , the freedom of women to share easily with their male relatives in the inheritance of landed property was perhaps restricted somewhat. According to the provisions of the Hermopolis Law Code, where an executor existed, the estate of the deceased was divided up into a number of parcels equal to the number of children of the deceased, both alive and dead. Thereafter, each male child (or that childs heirs), in order of birth, took his pick of the parcels. Only when the males were finished choosing, were the female children permitted to choose their parcels (in chronological order). The male executor was permitted to claim for himself parcels of any children and heirs who predeceased the father without issue. Female executors were designated when there were no sons to function as such. However, the code is specific thatunlike male executorsthey could not claim the parcels of any dead children. Still, it is not appropriate to compare the provisions of the Hermopolis Law Code to the Inscription of Mes, since the latter pertains to the inheritance of an office, i. e., a trusteeship of land, and not to the land itself. Indeed, the system of dividing the estate described in the law codeor something similar to it- -might have existed at least as early as the New Kingdom, since the Instructions of Any contains the passage, Do not say, My grandfather has a house. An enduring house, it is called (i. e., dont brag of any future inheritance), for when you take your share with your brothers, your portion may only be a storehouse. FEMALE LITERACYIt is uncertain, generally, how literate the Egyptian woman was in any period. Baines and Eyre suggest very low figures for the percentage of the literate in the Egypt population, i. e., only about 1% in the Old Kingdom (i.e., 1 in 20 or 30 males). Other Egyptologists would dispute these estimates, seeing instead an amount at about 5-10% of the population. In any event, it is certain that the rate of literacy of Egyptian women was well behind that of men from the Old Kingdom through the Late Period. Lower class women, certainly were illiterate; middle class women and the wives of professional men, perhaps less so. The upper class probably had a higher rate of literate women. In the Old and Middle Kingdoms, middle and upper class women are occasionally found in the textual and archaeological record with administrative titles that are indicative of a literate ability. In the New Kingdom the frequency at which these titles occur declines significantly, suggesting an erosion in the rate of female literacy at that time (let alone the freedom to engage in an occupation). However, in a small number of tomb representations of the New Kingdom, certain noblewomen are associated with scribal palettes, suggesting a literate ability. Women are also recorded as the senders and recipients of a small number of letters in Egypt (5 out of 353). However, in these cases we cannot be certain that they personally penned or read these letters, rather than employed the services of professional scribes. Many royal princesses at court had private tutors, and most likely, these tutors taught them to read and write. Royal women of the Eighteenth Dynasty probably were regularly trained, since many were functioning leaders. Since royal princesses would have been educated, it then seems likely that the daughters of the royal courtiers were similarly educated. In the inscriptions, we occasionally do find titles of female scribes among the middle class from the Middle Kingdom on, especially after the Twenty- sixth Dynasty, when the rate of literacy increased throughout the country. The only example of a female physician in Egypt occurs in the Old Kingdom. Scribal instruction was a necessary first step toward medical training. WOMEN IN PUBLICThe Egyptian woman in general was free to go about in public; she worked out in the fields and in estate workshops. Certainly, she did not wear a veil, which is first documented among the ancient Assyrians (perhaps reflecting a tradition of the ancient semitic- speaking people of the Syrian and Arabian Deserts). However, it was perhaps unsafe for an Egyptian woman to venture far from her town alone. Ramesses III boasts in one inscription, I enabled the woman of Egypt to go her own way, her journeys being extended where she wanted, without any person assaulting her on the road. A different view of the traveling women is found in the Instructions of Any, Be on your guard against a woman from abroad, who is not known in town, do not have sex with her. .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 , .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 .postImageUrl , .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 , .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256:hover , .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256:visited , .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256:active { border:0!important; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256:active , .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256 .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud82520315ed8527c1bdc210927f7c256:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nelson Mandela Essay So by custom, there might have been a reputation of impiousness or looseness associated with a woman traveling alone in Egypt. Despite the legal freedom of women to travel about, folk custom or tradition may have discouraged that. So, e.g. , earlier in the Old Kingdom, Ptahhotep would write, If you desire to make a friendship last in a house to which you have access to its master as a brother or friend in any place where you might enter, beware of approaching the women. It does not go well with a place where that is done. However, the theme of this passage might actually refer to violating personal trust and not the accessibility of women, per se. However, mores and values apparently changed by the New Kingdom. The love poetry of that era, as well as certain letters, are quite frank about the public accessibility and freedom of women. WOMENS OCCUPATIONSIn general, the work of the upper and middle class woman was limited to the home and the family. This was not due to an inferior legal status, but was probably a consequence of her customary role as mother and bearer of children, as well as the public role of the Egyptian husbands and sons who functioned as the executors of the mortuary cults of their deceased parents. It was the traditional role of the good son to bury his parents, support their funerary cult, to bring offerings regularly to the tombs, and to recite the offering formula. Because women are not regularly depicted doing this in Egyptian art, they probably did not often assume this role. When a man died without a surviving son to preserve his name and present offerings, then it was his brother who was often depicted in the art doing so. Perhaps because it was the males who were regularly entrusted with this important religious task, that they held the primary position in public life. As far as occupations go, in the textual sources upper class woman are occasionally described as holding an office, and thus they might have executed real jobs. Clearly, though, this phenomenon was more prevalent in the Old Kingdom than in later periods (perhaps due to the lower population at that time). In Wentes publication of Egyptian letters, he notes that of 353 letters known from Egypt, only 13 provide evidence of women functioning with varying degrees of administrative authority. On of the most exalted administrative titles of any woman who was not a queen was held by a non-royal women named Nebet during the Sixth Dynasty, who was entitled, Vizier, Judge and Magistrate. She was the wife of the nomarch of Coptos and grandmother of King Pepi I. However, it is possible that the title was merely honorific and granted to her posthumously. Through the length of Egyptian history, we see many titles of women which seem to reflect real administrative authority, including one woman entitled, Second Prophet (i.e. High Priest) of Amun at the temple of Karnak, which was, otherwise, a male office. Women could and did hold male administrative positions in Egypt. However, such cases are few, and thus appear to be the exceptions to tradition. Given the relative scarcity of such, they might reflect extraordinary individuals in unusual circumstances. Women functioned as leaders, e. g., kings, dowager queens and regents, even as usurpers of rightful heirs, who were either their step-sons or nephews. We find women as nobility and landed gentry managing both large and small estates, e.g. , the lady Tchat who started as overseer of a nomarchs household with a son of middling status; married the nomarch; was elevated, and her son was also raised in status. Women functioned as middle class housekeepers, servants, fieldhands, and all manner of skilled workers inside the household and in estate-workshops. Women could also be national heroines in Egypt. Extraordinary cases include: Queen Ahhotep of the early Eighteenth Dynasty. She was renowned for saving Egypt during the wars of liberation against the Hyksos, and she was praised for rallying the Egyptian troops and crushing rebellion in Upper Egypt at a critical juncture of Egyptian history. In doing so, she received Egypts highest military decoration at least three times, the Order of the Fly. Queen Hatshepsut, as a ruling king, was actually described as going on military campaign in Nubia. Eyewitness reports actually placed her on the battlefield weighing booty and receiving the homage of defeated rebels. WOMEN AND CRIMEThese ordinary and extraordinary roles are not the only ones in which we see Egyptian women cast in ancient Egypt. We also see Egyptian women as the victims of crime (and rape); also as the perpetrators of crime, as adulteresses and even as convicts. Women criminals certainly existed, although they do not appear frequently in the historical record. A woman named Nesmut was implicated in a series of robberies of the royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings during the Twentieth Dynasty. Examples of women convicts are also known. According to one Brooklyn Museum papyrus from the Middle Kingdom, a woman was incarcerated at the prison at Thebes because she fled her district to dodge the corvee service on a royal estate. Most of the concubines and lesser wives involved in the harim conspiracy against Ramesses III were convicted and had their noses and ears cut off, while others were invited to commit suicide. Another woman is indicated among the lists of prisoners from a prison at el-Lahun. However, of the prison lists we have, the percentage of womens names is very small compared to those of men, and this fact may be significant. CONCLUSIONThe position of women in Egyptian society was unique in the ancient world. The Egyptian female enjoyed much of the same legal and economic rights as the Egyptian malewithin the same social class. However, how their legal freedoms related to their status as defined by custom and folk tradition is more difficult to ascertain. In general, social position in Egypt was based, not on gender, but on social rank. On the other hand, the ability to move through the social classes did exist for the Egyptians. Ideally, the same would have been true for women. However, one private letter of the New Kingdom from a husband to his wife shows us that while a man could take his wife with him, as he moved up in rank, it would not have been unusual for such a man to divorce her and take a new wife more in keeping with his new and higher social status. Still, self-made women certainly did exist in Egypt, and there are cases of women growing rich on their own

Dramatic Monologue Essays

Dramatic Monologue Essays Dramatic Monologue Paper Dramatic Monologue Paper Essay Topic: The Book Thief When was younger, I had no worries in life. I didnt have to worry about whether my mother was alive or not, where my father was or if the Nazis found out we were hiding a Jewish in our basement. I use to play with my brother, hoping that things would stay this way. But no, it didnt. Now my life has been torn apart in many ways. Have lost the closest friend in my life; Max. Why did this happen to me? What have I done to deserve this? I feel guilty for not warning Max. But still, whatever happened, happened and you ant change the past. This the only thing I have left of him. A book. Not just any book. A book that he gave to me on a birthday. A book that I will remember forever and always. Since he left, I am still trying to cope. I feel empty, like had lost a part of me. Everything feels so wrong without him. I felt the same emptiness back when I lost my brother. He was the only brother had, the only person that could understand me. Just imagine losing your own brother, how would you feel?

Dissertation Thesis

Dissertation Thesis Dissertation Thesis Dissertation Thesis Tips To start speaking about creating a dissertation thesis, it is necessary to make clear what a thesis is. Within the past few years the term thesis has acquired an additional meaning. Now the third meaning of this word is document, dissertation. But in this paper we shall speak about a thesis as a conjecture, an essential part of any dissertation. Well, a thesis is a conjecture, which must be supported by evidence a dissertation writer collects. Therefore, a dissertation is a lengthy piece of writing that argues to defend a particular dissertation thesis. The research, conducted by a dissertation writer to support a thesis, must be original and substantial. A dissertation is created not only to show a writers ability to gather, synthesize ad analyze evidence, but also to demonstrate his original contribution to a particular field. The scientific method of research means that a dissertation writer starts with a conjecture, and after that provides evidence w hich supports or denies it. So before writing a dissertation to defend a dissertation thesis, it is necessary to collect evidence, supporting this thesis. Students face with unexpected difficulties, as it appears that the most difficult aspect of dissertation is not creating a dissertation thesis and collecting evidence, but organizing them into a coherent form. Writing a dissertation, it is important to keep in the forefront of ones mind that any argument is being constructed to defend a dissertation thesis. It is important to think about the main dissertation idea as you write, is this way you will be protected from danger of writing useless pages, which are away from the main path. Every paragraph you write should be about the central argument, giving additional evidence, synthesis of evaluation of evidence, related to your dissertation thesis. While you write, remember that every statement of your dissertation must be supported by original work or by a reference to a particul ar published paper. Avoid a mere reproducing of the material you found, you should use the results of a scientists work as a fact and refer the reader of your dissertation to the source. Moreover, keep in mind that your dissertation must be written according to the rules of formal grammar. Well, we hope that the stated above tips will be useful for you, and now the nature of dissertation thesis is clear. So, maybe it is high time to start looking for a topic that will interest you particularly.

Google Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Google Marketing - Case Study Example The company of Google focuses on the user thus ensuring that the quality of advertising is useful to the consumer just as much as it is to the company itself. Unlike other companies, Google focuses on doing a small number of advertisements but of high quality and yielding results. In addition, Google is fast than other search engines and aims to achieve democracy and always doing great. This business practice has seen Google rise to the best search engine since 1996. Moreover, the company has a philosophy that a person does not need to be at their desk in order to make money or to get an answer. Different types of online advertising are used today one of them being text ads. In this form, the adverts are displayed, as simple, text-based hyperlinks are known as Text Ads. This form of advertising does not include graphics or images. They are mostly found on non-search websites and can be served by separate websites or an issuer’s individual ad servers. Moreover, there are display advertisements, which are mostly available in many standards shapes and sizes. Such websites include posters, trailblazer boards, towers, huge boxes, and extra sized graphical ads. For Google to be successful in their display ads, it will try to win adverts away from advertising in the US television industry. The company will also require creative capabilities and relationships with large advertising agencies. Other areas that Google will have to venture in future is the mobile telephone advertising which has over 3 billion users (Kerin et al, 2010).

Why minorties lagging behind in healthcare management professions PowerPoint Presentation

Why minorties lagging behind in healthcare management professions - PowerPoint Presentation Example Among the other reasons are a lack of diversity in healthcare leadership and workforce. Minorities are only a small portion of the healthcare professionals, though they are a substantial portion of the population (over a quarter of it!). The lack of diversity causes rigidity and lack of flexibility in terms of methods used and changes to the program of healthcare. This leads to bad communication between officials and the minorities, and also in a system which is poorly designed for minorities, meaning that they arent receiving as much individual attention as they should (Betancourt, 2002). The way to improve this situation is to pay attention to the special needs of minorities, be aware of their differences from others and develop unique healthcare programs which put an emphasis on what they need, instead of incorporating them in the population. This could mean putting focus on diseases which are more prevalent in different minorities. This could also mean taking a step back and examining the fallacies of the healthcare system and see how it is possible to change the current situation and apply new, more innovative techniques and approaches of dealing with minorities, whether it is by education doctors more about special communities concerns and needs, encouraging more people that are minorities to work in this profession or any other way possible (Medige, 2002; Koberg, Boss, Sengem & Goodman,

Good Faith and Contract Law

Good Faith and Contract Law the governing principle applicable to all contracts and dealings . This statement was made by Lord Mansfield in 1766 and was an (unsuccessful) attempt to raise good faith to the level of a general principle, the common law as it subsequently developed rejected his initiative. The traditional law of contract, as it became established in England in the second half of the nineteenth century, did not impose or recognise a general duty of good faith. The notion of good faith undoubtedly pervades English law, but there is no single recognised doctrine of general application. The law is generally ready to strike against instances of bad faith: for example where lies are told in pre-contractual negotiations and where the weak are exploited or pressurised the application of concepts of contract law will make such contracts void or voidable,. However, no liability or remedy is to be had against the party who, acting in his own best interests, disengages from the negotiations. Moreover, the traditional view of the law is that during the performance of a contract one partys motivation is not relevant to define contractual rights, nor may (bad) motives increase the scope of express obligations. Aside from specific types of contracts, insurance being the notable example, there is no recognised extra-contractual duty on one party to disclose facts that may turn out to be of importance to another . This can be contrasted with the position i n other countries including Australia and Northern Ireland where the notion of good faith is more readily accepted. Steyn J who foresaw a future for good faith doctrine in English law however such a future has sadly not developed, or if indeed it has developed it has so in a piecemeal fashion. Bingham L.J’s perception has proven to be closer to reality, he stated when speaking with reference to the incorporation of conditions in contracts: The tendency of the English authorities has been to look at the nature of the transaction and the character of the parties to it; to consider what notice the party was given of the particular condition ; and to resolve whether in all the circumstances it is fair to hold him bound by the condition. This may yield a result not very different from the civil law principle of good faith, at any rate so far as the formation of contract is concerned . The classical theory of contract appeared to be hostile to the emergence of a general doctrine of good faith. Sir George Jessel M.R. emphasised that their was a strong public interest in maintaining the notion of freedom of contract which would necessarily exclude the notion of good faith : If there is one thing which more than another public policy requires it is that men of full and competent understanding shall have the utmost liberty of contracting, and that their contracts when entered into freely and voluntarily shall be held sacred and shall be enforced by Courts of justice. Therefore you have this paramount public policy to consider that you are not lightly to interfere with this freedom of contract. A party to a contract could therefore expect that the contract would be enforced according to its terms even if the terms were unfair. Despite these early reluctances to include good faith as part of contract law, it emerged as an important and necessary role in some aspects of contract law. The modern law of contract places more emphasis on conduct which takes account of the interests of the other party to the contract . Some of these specific circumstances will now be considered, The common law imposes a duty of good faith in insurance contracts. The requirement of utmost good faith in insurance contracts requires disclosure by the insured of any fact material to the risk and abstention from misrepresentation. The justification for the creation of the duty is that only the insured knows the material facts and the insurer has no reasonable means of discovering them, although this same argument could be advanced in respect of general contract law. Another aspect of good faith arising out of insurance contracts is the rule that an insurer settling claims under a limited liability policy must act in good faith towards the insured and must have regard to his or her interests both in the defence of actions against the insured and in their settlement . The Supreme Court of Ireland have taken a very different view to the principle of good faith in insurance law and this is best highlighted by the case of Aro Road and Land Vehicles Ltd v Insurance Corporation of Ireland in this case the assured wished to send goods by road via a carrier. At the carriers instigation they effected insurance, the carriers acting as the insurers agents for this purpose. They were asked only for the details of the journey and the value of the goods, and did not volunteer any further information. The lorry carrying the goods was hijacked and set on fire, but the insurers refused to pay out on the policy, pleading that the assured had failed to disclose that their managing director had, some 20 years previously, been convicted of a number of offences of receiving stolen motor vehicles, for which he had served a sentence of 21 months imprisonment. The decision in this case was in summation that this was not reason enough for the insurance policy to be invali dated and the reasoning was that there is no breach of utmost good faith if the proposer has genuinely forgotten a material fact, at least where there is nothing (eg a proposal form) to jog his memory. Utmost good faith, they say, requires a genuine effort at accuracy, but does not require the proposer absolutely to guarantee the accuracy (and by implication the completeness) of his disclosure. This shows an inherent flexibility in the courts of Ireland to utilise and dismiss the notion of good faith in a sensible manner and this is evident in the general application of good faith in Ireland. Again in Contracts for the sale of land the vendor of land is under a duty to disclose material matters relating to the title which are known to the vendor but which the purchaser has no means of discovering . The duty of good faith also exists in the following situations, the mortgagee’s exercise of a power of sale, in relation to the principles of equity governing fiduciaries, undue influence and unconscionable conduct and estoppel, including promissory estoppel and in the duty to refrain from making misrepresentations. More importantly it is suggested that in certain situations there exists a common law duty on the parties to a contract to co-operate in achieving the objects of the contract. Where the parties have agreed that something shall be done which cannot effectively be done unless both parties agree in doing it, there is an implied obligation on each party to do all that is necessary to be done on his or her part for the carrying out of the thing . This can be seen specifically in the case of Meehan v. Jones where performance of the contract was conditional on the purchaser receiving approval for finance on satisfactory terms. Wilson J considered that there was an obligation on the purchaser to make reasonable efforts to obtain finance on such terms, though we doubted that the purchaser was required to do more than act honestly in deciding whether to accept or reject an offer of finance. That approach to the situation gave effect to the expectations of the parties and achieved a fair and se nsible balance of their interests. Another important element of the concept of good faith is that that can be seen in the notion of fiduciary relationships. The principles of a fiduciary relationship require the disclosure of material matters and require the fiduciary to subordinate his or her interests to the legitimate interests of another by reason of the relationship which subsists between the two parties. It can of course be argued that the fiduciary principle is stronger than the good faith doctrine in that it gives primacy to the interests of the party to whom the fiduciary obligation is owed. The good faith doctrine is concerned with those who contract and are on an equal footing. The principle of good faith also finds ground in the doctrine of â€Å"unconscionable bargaining†, this is the situation where relief is granted when a transaction, is so unconscionable that it cannot be allowed to stand. The requirement is thus that there exists an unconscientious taking advantage of the serious disability or disadvantage of the person in the inferior bargaining position by procuring or retaining the benefit in question in a way that is both unreasonable and oppressive . . In Australia, unconscionability has been relied upon as a ground in relieving a purchaser from forfeiture of his equitable interest under a contract of sale pursuant to a notice making time of the essence of the contract leading to rescission of the contract . Once relief against forfeiture was available specific performance of the contract could be ordered. The purchaser had gone into possession under the contract and erected a house on the land but was unable to pay the balance of the purchase price on the due date. This approach was taken further in the case of an instalment contract for the sale of land under which the purchasers had been let into possession, though they were not entitled to possession until completion, and had built a house on the land . Again, the contract had been rescinded, this time for non-payment of an instalment. In this instance the majority likened a terms contract to a mortgage, the forfeiture provision being by way of security for the payment of the purchase price so that there was no need to establish unconscionable behaviour of an exceptional kind. In Australia, the emergence from the shadows of this ground of equitable relief has relegated the doctrine of undue influence to a position of relative unimportance. Unconscionability and undue influence overlap, the latter being more limited in scope, concerned as it is with the exercise by the contracting party of an independent and voluntary will. Perhaps the most important notion of good faith can be found in the law of restitution which transcends the traditional common law causes of action and equitable grounds for relief. General principles are being articulated and refined which may apply indifferently, whether the basis of the claim has its origins at common law or in equity. In Lipkin Gorman v. Karpnale Ltd , it was acknowledged that the underlying principle governing the recovery of money had and received at common law in restitution is unjust enrichment. Here again unconscionability underlies the claim for unjust enrichment and imports into contract law the notion of good faith. Good faith and fair dealing concepts are already substantially in place under English law, though not in contract negotiation. In that area, the application of specific good faith and fair dealing duties, based on the reasonable expectations of the parties, might advance the interests of justice. Furthermore, recognition of good faith and fair dealing concepts would bring greater coherence and unity to the varied array of principles which are presently available in the area of contract performance. Finally as Mason points out â€Å"the criticism of those doctrines may be no more than the reluctance to accept unconscionability as a basis for relief; in other words, the reluctance is in truth an objection to the application by courts of generalised concepts and standards instead of rigid rules† . As to whether or not there exists a future in English Law for the principle of good faith remains to be seen. There are underlying notions of the principle of good faith and it would se em that the sensible notion would be to codify this principle and make it generally applicable to all contractual dealings; it seems unlikely however that English Law is willing to accept such a principle. Bibliography Cases Aro Road and Land Vehicles Ltd v Insurance Corporation of Ireland [1986] IR 403 Bridgewater v. Leahy (1998) 194 C.L.R. 457 Carlish v. Salt [1906] 1 Ch. 335 Carter v. Boehm (1766) 3 Burr. 1905 Devonport Borough Council v. Robbins [1979] 1 N.Z.L.R. 1 Distillers Co. Bio-Chemicals (Aust) Pty. Ltd v. Ajax Insurance Co. Ltd (1974) 130 C.L.R. 1 Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v. Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd [1989] Q.B. 433 Louth v. Diprose(1992) 175 C.L.R. 621 Mackay v. Dick (1881) 6 App. Cas. 251 McInerney v. MacDonald (1992) 93 D.L.R. (4th) 415. Printing and Numerical Registering Co. v. Sampson (1875) L.R. 19 Eq. 462 Stern v. McArthur (1988) 165 C.L.R. 489. Journal Articles Denning LJ, (1991) The Role of Good Faith and Fair Dealing in Contract Law: a Hair-Shirt Philosophy? Finn, Statutes and the Common Law (1992) 22 U.W.A.L. Rev. 7 Mason A F, (2000), â€Å"Contract, Good Faith and Equitable Standards in Fair Dealing†, Law Quarterly Review 2000 116 66-94 Books Beatson J, (2002), â€Å"Anson’s Law of Contract†, Twenty Eighth Edition, Oxford University Press Denning LJ, (1991) The Role of Good Faith and Fair Dealing in Contract Law: a Hair-Shirt Philosophy? Elliot Quinn, ( 2003) â€Å"Contract Law†, Fourth Edition Forte A (ed), (2001), â€Å"Good Faith in Contract and Property Law†, Sweet and Maxwell McKendrick E, (2003), â€Å"Contract Law†, Fifth Edition, Palgrave McMilliam McKendrick E, (2003), Contract – Text and Materials, Oxford University Press Stone R, (2002), â€Å"The Law Of Contract†, Fifth Edition, Cavendish Publishing

Engage in personal development in health, social care or children’s a young people’s settings Essay

My role of a Teaching Assistant begins at 7.45 am where my colleague and I begin preparation for the school Breakfast Club. This includes setting out table top activities such as jigsaws, colouring and ipads. Breakfast Club also has a pool table so I write a weekly rota for this to ensure fair play. During breakfast club I encourage the children to sit together and eat a healthy breakfast of cereal, toast and choice of fruit juice. I have time to sit, chat and take part in the activities the children are doing which enables me to form good relationships with the children there. Breakfast Club is new to the school in Sept 2013 so we are currently putting together a display board which shows examples of the breakfasts, posters designed by the children and pictures of the staff that work there. Then I have 10 minutes in the nursery unit to help the teacher do some preparation for the day, for example this maybe hiding arrows around the playing field for the children to take part in a treasure hunt or preparing pots of paint. We then welcome the children into class and help them with hanging up coats and bags, comforting any that maybe distressed as their carer has left. Once they are settled the teacher will begin the register and my role is to help the children take part and sit quietly on the carpet and listen. We then begin our morning activity. I will be asked to take a small group with me for example to draw an apple tree and have to complete a short assessment on them. For example ask them to draw a tree; are they using brown for the trunk? Green for the leaves? Can they follow a simple instructions? Whilst taking part in this activity I bring as much of the welsh language as possible e.g. I will ask them the welsh words for the colours we are using. We then head back to the class for ‘tidy up time’ and snack. Two mornings I prepare the snack of toast and milk. Then 3 mornings I supervise the Reception children on the yard. I ensure the children are playing happily with one another and no one is left on their own. Often I bring out bikes so I have a timer to make sure each child has the same amount of time on a bike. Some children may need the toilet and I assist in any personal care needs required or if they have had an accident then I will put gloves on and change the child. Then it’s back to Nursery class for the second part of the morning which could be songs or story on the carpet where I encourage ‘good sitting and listening’ for the teacher. At 11.30 most of the nursery children are getting collected so I again help with bags and sing our welsh going home song. I then make sure the classroom is tidy and take the Reception children over to the main dinner hall for them to have a cooked lunch. Whilst there I make sure each child has a meal, desert and drink. I encourage them to eat as much as they feel they can. If the leave something, for example carrots and will ask that they eat as many as they can. Once the dinner hall is empty and the tables wiped down I supervise on the main yard with Years 1-6. There the children will ask me if they want to go inside the School for the toilet or a drink. I will discipline any children that are not acting appropriately; I make sure no one is left on their own. Then I take part in encouraging happy play by blowing bubbles for the younger children and help with skipping and taking part in any fun games they want to do. If we have any injuries then I take them to the school secretary and write in accident book and call the parents if I feel it is necessary. Page 2 – Kathryn Di Terlizzi Assignment Unit 332 (1.2) For all Teaching Assistant roles there is a set of National Occupational Standards (NOS) set out by each individual school. These NOS offer guidance on wider aspects for competent performance (Burnham 2010 pg 118). They were set up to realise the potential of all teaching support staff whatever their role. (http://www.napta.org.uk/) The standards are statements about how tasks should be carried out and the minimum acceptable quality of practice that should be delivered. I have looked closely through the standards and looked at the most important ones to me in my role and given an explanation on each one as follows – 301.3 Understand legislation, policies and procedures for confidentiality and sharing information including data protection The Data Protection Act of 1998 is designed to ensure that confidential information cannot be passed to others without the individual consent. In my role I am exposed to a great volume of confidential information and I understand I cannot pass this to anyone. My sons attend the same school so I am often approached by parents at birthday parties asking me how their child is getting on. I understand the schools confidentiality policy so say sorry I can’t discuss this outside of school, please come and see the teacher and discuss on Monday. 302.3 Understand school ethos, mission, aims and values The school ethos –â€Å"St David’s Roman Catholic Primary School is part of the living presence of Christ in the modern world. Part of our purpose is, by the education, care and protection of our children, to present a model of Christian living that is clear to all.† (https://swansea-edunet.gov.uk/en/schools/StDavids/Pages/Mission_Statement.aspx) I am employed in a Catholic primary school but I am not a Catholic. However daily I embrace the catholic ethos and take part in Mass, Prayers and Religious Education activities. For example October is the month of the Rosary Bead. This week we have been learning about the letter ‘b’ so to tie in religion I have asked the children to bring in any Rosary Beads they have to ‘show and tell’ to the class. This builds confidence talking in front of the class and brings in the school ethos. 303.2 Be able to prepare for learning activities Before the children arrive in the morning the teacher will inform me of what activity I will be doing with them. For example when we were learning about the letter ‘a’ Mrs Jones asked me to take the children to the field in small groups and draw the apple tree. Preparation is vital for this to ensure it runs smoothly. As once the children are with me on the field if I have forgotten something for safety reasons I cannot run back to the class leaving the children. Frustratingly they would have to come back with me which would cut down the activity time. First I gather the resources I need for the activity, chairs, clipboards, paper, and pencils. Then once my 5 children are ready I make sure if it has been wet they are wearing Wellington boots and coats and hold on to the handrail as they exit the classroom. I make sure they walk carefully in a straight line down the path, closing the nursery door behind me which has a safety code so no outsider can gain access. Once we have arrived at the field I make sure our immediate environment is safe for example by checking for things the children could trip over. Depending on the children I may need to adapt some of the resources for example some children find it difficult to press hard with a pencil so I make sure I have other things with me like crayons and felt tip pens. Page 3 – Kathryn Di Terlizzi Assignment Unit 332 304.2 Be able to promote positive behaviour It is imperative in any school for children to have guidelines in school so they have a clear understanding of how to behave in school. Children need to be aware of the boundaries within which to manage their behaviour, so that they understand what is expected of them. (Burnham 2010 pg 58) In our nursery unit we encourage positive behaviour with stars on their jumpers to go home and show their parents. If a child has done something positive like sat well and listened to a story we will tell the whole class how happy we are with that child and give them a bigger reward like make them the ‘helpwr y dydd’ – helper of the day. 306.2 Understand the impact of prejudice and discrimination on children and young people Children can experience prejudice and discrimination in several ways, religion, ethnicity, sex, body image, disabilities. It will affect their self esteem and their learning will almost defiantly be affected. They could be come withdrawn and may not want to attend school. You must ensure your own inbuilt ideas do not affect how you treat children. I have not come across it yet but understand I must always challenge discrimination. It can be promoted in a positive way by posters in school and bringing in guest speakers to talk about their own experiences in a positive way. 331.2 Understand the factors that influence children and young people’s development and how these affect practice There are personal factors that could influence a child’s development for example their health. We have a child in Year 4 that has a heart problem and has missed a lot of school for operations. This could also affect his social activities for example on the playground. A child’s emotional development may also be affected depending on their awareness of their needs and the extent to which they are affected. It is important that the adults in school are aware of how pupils may be affected by these kinds of conditions so we can support them by ensuring they are included as far as possible. (Burnham 2010 pg 155) External factors can also have a massive affect. Families can go through significant changes through the school years for example separation, bereavement, new partners, house move or changing country. This can affect their ability to learn. Statistics show that children that suffer from poverty and deprivation are less lightly to thrive and achieve well in school. Some children make personal choices on friendship groups and extra curricular activities, they may need advice and support from adults to make sure the choices were right for them. Some children may come from a very alternative background such as a home schooling environment. These children may need some additional support until they become settled. (Burnham 2010 pg 156) There have been a number of theories of development. Many physiologists have different ideas about how children learn. Some think it is innate and others feel it depends on the opportunities a child has been given, often referred to the nature nurture debate. One of the physiologists Watson believed that we are all born with the same abilities and anyone can be taught anything and that it does not depend on innate ability but on watching others. His idea of ‘classical conditioning’ was born out of Ivan Pavlov’s research using dogs. He noted his subjects would salivate before the delivery of food. In a series of experiments he presented a variety of stimuli before the presentation of food, eventually finding that, after repeated association, a dog would salivate to the presence of a stimulus other than food. He termed this response a conditional reflex. (psychology.about.com) Page 4 – Kathryn Di Terlizzi Assignment Unit 332 Children that come into nursery are treated the same and assumed at first to have the same abilities. As it becomes apparent some children need more support than others then the level is identified. Appropriate bodies are brought in to observe and correct support is implemented. 333.4 Understand how to respond to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been abused or harmed Possible signs or symptoms that may be cause for concern are – Acting out in an inappropriate sexual way with toys or objects Becoming withdrawn or very clingy Becoming unusually secretive Sudden unexplained personality changes, mood swings and seeming insecure Regressing to younger behaviours, e.g. bedwetting Outburst of anger New adult words for body parts Talk of a new, older friend and unexplained money or gifts Physical signs, such as, unexplained soreness or bruises around genitals or mouth, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy Not wanting to be alone with a particular child or young person (http://www.parentsprotect.co.uk/warning_signs.htm#) If a child tells me something I should listen and try as best I can to write down word for word what the child is telling me and not question anything they are saying just let them speak. I will then explain to them that I am not able to keep it a secret and I must tell Mrs Jones the teacher. Mrs Jones will then take the relevant action. The UK Government ratified the Convention on 16 December 1991. This means that the Government must make sure that every child in the UK has the rights that are listed in the Convention. The Government can do this by passing laws or by taking other action, including making sure that the rights in the Convention is widely known in the UK. One of these points is as follows – Protection from violence, exploitation, abuse, neglect and maltreatment: The Government must make sure you are protected from any type of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse or exploitation, while you are living with your parents or in the care of anyone else. Special procedures must be set up to help you if you have been the victim of abuse. (http://www.lawstuff.org.uk/the-facts/what-are-childrens-rights) Bibliography www.teaching-assistants.co.uk www.napta.co.uk www.gov.uk/government/publications/nos-for-supporting-teaching-learning Oct 2010 Burnham, L (2010) â€Å"Support Teaching & Learning in Schools†. Published by Heinemann Reference List Burnham, L (2010) â€Å"Support Teaching & Learning in Schools†. Published by Heinemann www.psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/pavlov.htm (accessed on 05/10/2013) http://www.parentsprotect.co.uk/warning_signs.htm# (accessed on 05/10/2013) http://www.lawstuff.org.uk/the-facts/what-are-childrens-rights (accessed on 05/10/13) https://swansea-edunet.gov.uk/en/schools/StDavids/Pages/Mission_Statement.aspx (accessed 05/10/13) http://www.napta.org.uk/ (accessed 05/10/13)

Observation Of The Bystander Effect Essay - 1457 Words

The purpose of this research paper is to help precisely identify the â€Å"bystander effect† as defined by noted social psychologists. It will also explain why the bystander effect occurs and with whom it occurs more often. Using multiple examples of psychological studies on this concept, this paper will give reasons the bystander effect is an important and yet controversial thing to study. Additionally, it will outline how these studies are conducted and the setbacks of those methods. Lastly, this paper will come to a conclusion based on the results of the studies cited. The Importance of Studying the Bystander Effect It is critical to understand the bystander effect in order to predict how individuals will react to certain emotionally arousing situations. Will they risk themselves and help the victim? Or will they stick to self-preservation and avoid the potentially dangerous situation altogether? Also, are people more likely to help someone who is a member of their in-group? 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